A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1).
- Johnson, Samuel, 1709-1784.
- Date:
- 1819
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1). Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
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![ABR bred within themselves, than through violence from ir0fflrf- Hooker, Dedication. To A'BROG ATE, ab-r6-gate. v. a. [abro- go, Lat.] To take away from a law its force; to repeal; to annul. Laws have been made, upo.i special occasions; which occasions ceasing, laws of that kind do ab- rogate themselves. Hooker, b. iv. § 14. The negative precepts of men may cease, by many instruments; by contrary customs, by public disrelish, by long omission: but the negative pre- cepts of God never can cease, but when they are expressly abrogated by the same authority. Taylor's Rute of living holy. Abrogation, ab-ro-ga'-shun. n. s. [abro- gate, Lat.] The act of abrogating; the repeal of a law. The commissioners from the confederate Roman catholics, demanded the abrogation and repeal of all those laws, which were in force against the exer- cise of the Roman religion. Clarendon, b. viii. To Aijro'ok, a-bro6k. v. a. [from To brook, with a superabundant, a word not in use.] To brook, to bear, to endure. Sweet Nell, ill can thy noble mind abrook The abject people, gazing on thy face With envious looks, still laughing at thy shame. Shakspeare's Henry VI. p. ii. VBRUTT, ab-rupt'. adj. [abru/itus, Lat. broken off.] 1. Broken, craggy. Resistless, roaring, dreadful, down it comes From the rude mountain and the mossy wild, Tumbling through rocks abrupt. Thorns. Winter. 2. Divided, without any thing intervening. Or spread his airy flight, Upborn with indefatigable wings, Over the vast abrupt, ere he arrive The happy isle. Milton's Paradise Lost, b. ii. I. 409. 3. Sudden, without the customary or pro- per preparatives. My lady craves To know the cause of your abrupt departure. Sliakspeare. The abrupt and unkind breaking off the two first parliaments was wholly imputed to the duke of Buckingham. Clarendon Abrupt, with eagle-speed she cut the sky, Instant invisible to mortal eye: Then first he recogniz'd th' ethereal guest. Pope's Odyss, b. i. 4. Unconnected. The abrupt stile, which hath many breaches, and doth not seem to end but fall. Ben Jonson's Disc. Abru'pted, ab-rijpt'£d. adj. [abrufitus, Lat. a word little in use.] Broken off ■suddenly. The effects of their activity are not precipitously abrupted, but gradually proceed to their cessations. Brown's Vulgar Err ours, b. vi. 10. Abru'ption, ab-rup'-shun. n. s. [abrufitio, Lat.] Breaking off, violent and sudden separation. Those, which are inclosed in stone, marble, or such other solid matter; being difficultly separable from it, because of its adhesion to all sides of them; have commonly some of that matter still adhering to them, or at least marks of its abruption from them, on all their sides. Woodw. Nat. Hist. p. 4 Abru'ptly, ab-rupt'-le. adv. [See Ab- rupt.] Hastily, without the due forms .of preparation. The sweetness of virtue's disposition, jealous even over itself, suffered her not to enter abruptly into questions of Musidorus. Sidney, b. ii. Now missing from their joy, so lately found, So lately found, and so abruptly gone. Par. Regain, b. ii. ABS They (both of them) punctually observed the time, thus agreed upon; and that, whatever com- pany or business they were engaged in, they left it abruptly as soon as the clock warned them to retire. Addison, Spectator. No. 241. Abruptness, ub-rupt'-ndss. n. s. [from abrupt.'] 1. An abrupt manner, haste, suddenness, untimely vehemence. 2. The state of an abrupt or broken thing; roughness, cragginess; as of a fragment violently disjoined. The crystallized bodies found in the perpendicu- lar intervals, have always their root, as the jewel- lers call it, which is only the abruptness at the end of the body, whereby it adhered to the stone or sides of the intervals: which abruptness is caused, by its being broke off from the said stone. Woodw. Nat. Hist. p. 4. A'BscEss^b'-sess. n. a. [ubscessus, Lat.] A morbid cavity in the body; a tumour, filled with matter; a term of chirurgery. If the patient is not relieved, nor dies in eight days; the inflammation ends in a suppuration and an abscess in the lungs, and sometimes in some other part of the body. Arbuth. of Diet Lindanus conjectured it might be some hidden abscess in the mesentery; which, breaking some few days after, was discovered to be an apostem of the mesenteiy. Harvey on Consumptions. To Absci/nd, ab-sind'. v. a. To cut off, either in a natural or figurative sense. ABSCTSSJ, ab-siz-sa. [Lat.] Part of the diameter of a conick section, intercepted between the vertex and a semi-ordinate. Absci'ssion, ab-sizh'-un. n. s. [abscissio, Lat.] 1. The act of cutting off. Fabricius ab Aquapendente renders the abscission of them difficult enough, and not without danger. Wiseman's Surgery. 2. The state of being cut off. By cessation of oracles, with Montacutius, we may understand this intercision, not, abscission, or consummate desolation. Brown's Vulgar Errours, b. vi. c. 12 To ABSCO'ND, ab-skond'.-y. n.[abscon- do, Lat.] To hide one's self; to retire from the publick view: generally used of persons in debt, or criminals eluding the law. The marmotte or mus alpinus, which absconds all winter, lives on its own fat: for in autumn, when it shuts itself up in its hole, it is very fat; but in the spring-time, when it comes forth again, very lean. Ray on the Creation. Absconder, ab-scon'dur. n. s. [from abscond.'] The person, that absconds. A'bsence, ab'-seiise. n. s. [See Absent.] 1. The state of being absent, opposed to presence. Sir, 'tis fit You have strong party to defend yourself, By calmness, or by absence: all's in danger. Shakspeare's Coriolanus. His friends beheld, and pity'd him in vain, For, what advice can ease a lover's pain? Absence, the best expedient they could find, Might save the fortune, if not cure the mind. Dryd. Fab. You have given no dissertation, upon the absence of lovers; nor laid down any methods, how they should support themselves under those separations. Addison, Spectator, No. 241. 2. Want of appearance, in the legal sense. Absence is of a fourfold kind or species. The first is a necessary absence, as in banished persons; this is entirely necessary. A second, necessary and vo- ABS luntary; as, upon the account of the commdnwcaltli, or in the service of the church. The third kind the civilians call a probable absence; as, that of students on the score of study. And the fourth, an absence entirely voluntary; as, on the account of trade merchandise, and the like. Some add a fifth kind of absence, which is committed cum dolo et culpa, by a man's non-appearance on a citation; as, in a con- tumacious person, who, in hatred to his contumacy, is (by the law) in some respects, reputed as a per- son present. Ayliffe's Parergon Juris Canonici. 3. Inattention, heedlessness, neglect of the present object. I continued my walk, reflecting on the little ab- sences and distractions of mankind. Addison, Spectator, No. 77. 4, It is used with the particle/rom. His absence from his mother oft he'll mourn, And, with his eyes, look wishes to return. , Dryd. Juv. Sat. ii. A'BSENT, ab-sent'.4^ adjt [absens, Lat.J 1. Not present: used with the particle from. In spring the fields, in autumn hills I love; At morn the plains, at noon the shady grove; But Delia always: absent from her sight, Nor plains at morn, nor groves at noon delight. Pope's Past, Where there is advantage to be given, Both more and less have given him the revolt; And none serve with him, but constrained things, Whose hearts are absent too. Shaksp. Macbeth, Whether they were absent or present, they were vexed alike. Wisd. xi. 11. 2. Absent in mind; inattentive, regardless of the present object. I distinguish a man that is absent, because he thinks of something else, from him (hat is absent, because he thinks of nothing. Addison, Spectator, No. 77. To Abse'nt, ab-sent'. v. a To withdraw, to forbear to come into presence. If thou didst ever hold me in thy heart, Absent thee from felicity a while, And in this harsh world draw thy breath in pain, To tell my tale. Shakspeare's Hamlet. Go!—for thy stay, not free, absents thee more. Milton's Paradise Lost, b. ix. I. 372. Tho' I am fore'd thus to absent myself From all I love; I shall contrive some means, Some friendly intervals, to visit thee. Southern's Spartan Dame. The Arengo is still called together in cases of importance; and if, after due summons, any mem- ber absents himself, he is to be fined to the value of about a penny English. Addison's Remarks on Italy. ABSENTA'NEous,ab-sen-ta'-ne-us.afl/'. Re- lating to absence; absent. Diet. Absente'e, ab-sen-te'. n. s. He, that is absent from his station, or employment, or country. A word used commonly with regard to Irishmen, living out of their country. Then was the first statute made against absentees; commanding all such, as had land in Ireland, to return and reside thereupon. Sir John Davies on Ireland. A great part of estates in Ireland are owned by absentees; and such as draw over the profits raised out of Ireland, refunding nothing. Child's Discourse on Trade. Absi nthiated, ab-sin'-Me-a-ted. fiart. [from absi?it/tium,Lnt. wormwood.] Im- bittered, impregnated with wormwood. Diet. To Absi'st, ab-sist'. v. n. [absisto, Lat.] To stand off, to leave off. Diet. To ABSO'LVE,ab-z61v'.«« v. a. 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