A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1).

Johnson, Samuel, 1709-1784.

Date:: 1819

Credit: A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1). Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

Title Page

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$[from adventurous.] After an adventu- rous manner; boldly; daringly. They are both hanged; and so would this be, if he durst steal any thing adventurously. Shakspeare. Auve'ntukesome, ad-veVtshur-sam. adj. [from adven(ure.~\ The same, with ad- venturous: a low word, scarcely used in writing. ADVE'NTURES0MENEss,ad*v£n'tshur-sum- n£ss.461 n. s. [from adventuresome.] The quality of being adventuresome. Diet. A'D VERB,ad'verb.n.s \adverbium, Lat] A word, joined to a verb or adjective; and solely applied, to the use of qualify- ing and restraining the latitude of their signification, by the intimation of some circumstance thereof; as, of quality, manner, degree. Clarke's Latin Gram. Thus we say, he runs swiftly; the bird flies aloft; he lives virtuously. Adve'rbial, ad-veYbe-al. adj. [adverbia- lisy Lat.] That, which has the quality or structure of an adverb. Adve'kbially, ad-ver'be-al-le. adv. [ad- verbialiter, Lat.] Like an adverb; in the manner of an adverb. I should think, alta was joined adverbially with tremit; did Virgil make use of so equivocal a syntax. Addison. Adve'rsable, ad-veVsa-bl.405 adj. [from adverse.] Contrary to; opposite to. Diet her rivals. Sidney Adve'rsity, ad-ver'se-te.S11 n. s. \_adver- site, Fr.] Affliction; calamity; that is, AD VERSA'RIA, ad-v£r-sa're-a. n. s. [Lat. opposition to our wishes. A book, as it should seem in which Debt- \ The cause of our sor 1. Acting with contrary directions; as, two bodies in collision. Was I, for this, nigh wreckt upon the sea; And twice, by adverse winds, from England's bank Drove back again unto my native clime? Shaksp. As, when two polar winds, blowing adverse, Upon the Croniau sea together drive Mountains of ice. Milton. With adverse blast upturns them from the south, Notus and Afer. Milton. A cloud of smoke envelops either host; And, all at once, the combatauts are lost; Darkling they join adverse, and shock unseen; Coursers with coursers justling, men with men. Dryden. I. Figuratively; contrary to the wish or de- sire; thence, calamitous; afflictive; per- nicious. It is opposed to firosfierous. What, if he hath decreed, that I shall first Be try'd in humble state, and things adverse; By tribulations, injuries, insults, Contempts, and scorns, and snares, and violence? Milton. Some, the prevailing malice of the great (Unhappy men!) or adverse fate Sunk deep, into the gulfs of an afflicted state. Roscommon. 3. Personally opponent; the person, that counteracts another, or contests any thing. Well she saw her father was grown her adverse party; and yet her fortune such, as she must favour or and Creditor were set in opposition ] A common-place; a book, to note in. These parchments are supposed to have been St. Paul's adve.rsaria. Bull's Sermons. A'dversary, ad'v£r-sa-re.S12 n. s. [adver- saire, Fr. adversarius, Lat.] An oppo- nent; antagonist; enemy: generally appli- ed to those, that have verbal or judicial quarrels; as, controvertists or litigants: sometimes, to an opponent in single combat. It may sometimes imply an open profession of enmity; as we say, a secret enemy is worse, than an open ad- versary. Yet am I noble, as the adversary I come to cope. Shakspeare's King Lear. Those rites and ceremonies of the church there- fore (which are the self-same now, that they were, when holy and virtuous men maintained them, against profane and deriding adversaries) her own children have in derision. Hooker. Mean while th' adversary of God and man, Satan, with thoughts inflam'd, of highest design, Puts on swift wings. Milton. An adversary makes a stricter search into us, and discovers every flaw and imperfection in our tempers: a friend exaggerates a man's virtues; an enemy in- flames his crimes. Addison. Adve'rsative, ad-veYsa-tiv.sia adj. [ad- versativus, Lat.] A term of grammar, applied to a word, which makes some opposition or variety; as, in this sentence; This diamond is orient, but it is rough: But is an adversative conjunction. Vdverse, ad've'rse. adj. [adversus} Lat.] In prose, it has now the accent on the first syllable; in verse, it is accented on the first by Shaksfieare; on either, indif- ferently, by Milton; on the last, by Dry- den; on the first, by Roscommon. sorrow; affliction; mis- fortune. In this sense, it may have a plu- ral. Let me embrace these four adversities; For wise men say it is the wisest course. Shakspeare's Henry VI. . The state of unhappiness; misery. Concerning deliverauce itself from all adversity, we use not to say ' Men are in adversity,' whensoever they feel any small hindrance of their welfare in this world; but, when some notable affliction or cross, some great calamity or trouble, befalleth them. Hooker. Sweet are the uses of adversity; Which, like the toad, ugly and venomous, Wears yet a precious jewel in his head. Shaksp. A remembrance of the good use he had made of prosperity, contributed to support his mind under the heavy weight of adversity, which then lay upon him. Atterbury. Adversely, ad'v£rse-le. adv. [from ad- versed] In an adverse manner; opposite- ly; unfortunately. What I think, I utter, and spend my malice in my breath: if the drink you give me, touch my palate adversely; I make a crooked face at it. Shaksp. To ADVE'RT, ad-vert', v. n. [adverto, Lat.] To attend to; to regard; to observe: with the particle to, before the object of regard. The mind of man being not capable, at once to advert to more than one thing; a particular view and examination of such an innumerable number of vast bodies, will afford matter of admiration. Kay on the Creation. Now to the universal whole advert: The earth regard, as of that whole a part; In which wide frame, more noble worlds abound; Witness, ye glorious orbs, which hang around. Blackmore. We sometimes say, To advert the mind to an object. ADVE'RTENCKjad-veVt^nse.Tz.s. [from ad- vert.] Attention to; regard to; conside- ration. Christianity may make Archimedes his challenge: give it, but where it may set its foot; allow, but a sober advertence to its proposals; and it will move the whole world. Decay of Piety- Adve'riency, ad-veVte'n-se\ n.s. [from advert.] The same with advertence. At- tention; regard; hcedfulness. Too much advertency is not your talent; or else you had fled from that text, as from a rock. Swift- Adve'rtent, ad-veYt£nt. adj. [from ad- vert.] Attentive; vigilant; heedful. This requires choice parts, great attention of mind, sequestration from the importunity of secular em- ployments, and a long advertent and deliberate con- nexing of consequents. Hale's Origin of Mankind. To ADVERTI'SE, ad-v£r-tize'.x/.a.[fld- vertir, Fr. It is now spoken with the ac- cent upon the last syllable; but appears, to have been anciently accented on the second.] 1. To inform another; to give intelligence: with an accusative, of the person inform- ed. The bishop did require a respite, Wherein he might the king his lord advertise, Whether our daughter were legitimate. Shaksp. As I by friends am well advertised; Sir Edmund Courtney, and the haughty prelate, With many more confederates, arc in aims. Shaksp. The king was not so shallow, nor so ill advertised, as not to perceive the intention of the French king. Bacon. I hope, you will advertise me fairly of what they dislike. Digby. 2. To inform; to give notice: with of be- fore the subject of information. Ferhates, understanding that Solyman expected more assured advertisement, unto the other Bassas declared the death of the emperor; of which they advertised Solyman, firming those letters with all their hands and seals. Knolles's Hist, of the Turks. They were to advertise the chief hero, of the dis- tresses of his subjects occasioned by his absence. Dryden. 3. To give notice of any thing, by means of an advertisement in the public prints; as, He advertised his loss. Adverti'sement, or Adve'rtisement, ad-ver/tiz-ment, or ad-ver-lize'me'nt. n.s. [advertisse7nent, Fr.] 1. Instruction; admonition. —'Tis all men's office, to speak patience To those, that wring under the load of sorrow; But no man's virtue nor sufficiency, To be so moral, when he shall endure The like himself: therefore give me no counsel; My griefs are louder than advertisement. Shaksj^eare's Much ado about Nothing. Cyrus was once minded, to have put Croesus to death; but, hearing him report the advertisement of Solon, he spared his life. Abbot's Description of the World. 2. Intelligence; information. Then, as a cunning prince that useth spies, If they return no news, doth nothing know; But, if they make advertisement of lies, The prince's counsels all awry do go. Sir J. Amies. He had received advertisement, that the party which was sent for his relief, had received some brush, which would much retard their march. Clarendon. The drum and trumpet, by their several sounds, serve for many kinds of advertisements, in military affairs: the bells serve, to proclaim a scare-fire; and, in some places, water-breaches; the departure of a man, woman, or child; time of divine service; the hour of the day; day of the month. NqU$