A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1).

Johnson, Samuel, 1709-1784.

Date:: 1819

Credit: A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1). Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

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$adust.'] That which may be adusted or burnt up. Diet. Adu'stion, a-dus'tshun *8* n. s. [from adust.,] The act, of burning up or dry- ing, as by fire. This is ordinarily a consequent of a burning colli- quative fever; the softer parts being melted away, the beat continuing its adustion upon the drier and fleshy parts, changes into a marcid fever. Harvey. Adz, adz', n. s. See Addice. AE, or M, a. e. A diphthong, of very fre- quent use in the Latin language; which seems not properly to have any place in the English; since the <z of the Saxons has been long out of use, being changed to e simple; to which, in words frequent- ly occurring, the £ of the Romans is (in the same manner) altered; as in equator, equinoctial, and even in Eneas. jE/glogue, eVlog.338 n. s [writteninstead of eclogue, from a mistaken etymology.] A pastoral; a dialogue in verse, between goat-herds. Which moved him rather in ceglogues otherwise to write, doubting, perhaps, his ability, which he little needed, or minding to furnish our tongue with this kind wherein it faulteth. Spens. Past. Ji/gilops, e-gil'ops. n. s. [ttlyiXa^, Gr signifying goat-eyed, the goat being sub- ject to this ailment.] A tumour or swel- ling in the great corner of the eye, by the root of the nose, either with or with- out an inflammation: also a plant so cal- led, for its supposed virtues against such a distemper. Quincy. JEgilops is a tubercle in the inner canthus of the eye. Wiseman's Surgery. jEgypti'acum, e-jip-ti'a-cum.460 n. s. An ointment, consisting only of honey, ver- digris, and vinegar. Quincy. Ml, or Eal, or Al; el, al, ael. [in com- pound names, as ttuv in the Greek com- pounds] signifies all, or altogether. So JElvuin is a complete conqueror: Albert, all illustrious: Aldred, altogether rever- end: Alfred, altogether peaceful. To these Pammachius, Pancratius, Pam- fihilius, &c. do in some measure answer. Gibson's Camden. Mlv, elf. [which, according to various dia- lects, is pronounced ulf, ivelph hulfih, hilfi, helfe; and, at this day, helpe] im- plies assistance. So JElfwin is victori- ous; and JElf<wold\ an auxiliary gover- nour; JElfgiJa, a lender of assistance: with which Boetius, Symmachus, Epi- curus, Sec. bear a plain analogy. Gibson's Camden. jEni'gma, e-nig'ma. See Enigma. Ae'rial, a-e're-al. adj. [aerius, Lat.] 1. Belonging to the air, as consisting of it. The thunder, when to roll With terrour through the dark aerial hall. Paradise Lost. From all that can with fins or feathers fly, Thro' the aerial or the wat'ry sky. Prior. I gathered the thickness of the air, or, aerial in- terval of the glasses at that ring. Neicton's Opt. Vegetables abound more with aerial particles than animal substances. Arbuthnot on Aliments. 2. Produced by the air. The gifts of heav'n my foil'wing song pursues; Aerial honey, and ambrosial dews. Dnjden. 3. Inhabiting the air. Where those immortal shapes Of bright aerial spirits live inspher'd, In regions mild of calm and serene air. Par. Reg. Aerial animals may be subdivided into birds and flies. Locke. 4. Placed in the air. Here subterranean works and cities see; There towns aerial on the waving tree. Pope. 5. High; elevated in situation, and there- fore in the air. A spacious city stood, with firmest walls Sure mounded, and with numerous turrets crown'd, Aerial spires, and citadels, the seat Of kings and heroes resolute in war. Philips A'erie, e're. n. s. [airie, Fr.] The proper word (in hawks, and other birds of prey) for that, which we generally call a nest in other birds. Coivell. Aero'logy, a-ur-ol'lo-j^.686 n. s. [«»f and Pio'a©-, Gr.] The doctrine of the air. A'eromancy, a-ur-6-man-se.S19 n.s. [«:f and jw.«v7<s, Gr.] The art of divining by the air. Diet. Aero'metry, a-ur-6m'me-tre.618 n.s. [<* f and fii\%w, Gr.] The art of measuring the air. Diet. Aeho'scopy, a-ur-6s'k6-pe.618« s. [<*>)§> and o-kcttIu, Gr.] The observation of the air. Diet. .fi'THiops-Mi'NERAL^Ae-ups-min'Ur-ral. n. s. A medicine, so called from its dark colour; prepared of quicksilver and sul- phur, ground together in a marble mor- tar to a black powder. Such, as have used it most, think its virtues not very great. Quincy. jEti'tes, e-ti'tez. n. s. [uel®>, an eagle.] Eagle stone. It is about the bigness of a chestnut, and hollow; and somewhat in it, that rattles upon shaking. Quincy Afa'r, a-far'. adv. [from a for at, and far.] See Far. 1. At a great distance. So shaken, as we are, so wan with care; Find we a time for frighted peace, to pant, And breathe short-winded accents of new broils, To be commene'd in strouds afar remote? Shaksp. We hear better, when we hold our breath than contrary; insomuch as, in listening to attain a sound afar off, men hold their breath. Bacon. 2. To or from a great distance. Hector hastened to relieve his boy; Dismiss'd his burnish'd helm that shone afar, The pride of warriours, and the pomp of war. Dryden. 3. Prom afar; from a distant place. The rough Vulturnus, furious in its course, With rapid streams divides the fruitful grounds, And from afar in hollow murmur solfcds. Addison. 4. Afar off, remotely distant. Much suspecting his secret ends, he entertained a treaty of peace with France, but secretly and afar off, and to be governed as occasions should vary. Sir John Hayward. Afe'ard, a-ferd'. fiarticipial adj. [from to fear, for to fright, with a redundant.] 1. Frighted; terrified; afraid. He loudly bray'd, that like was never heard; And from his wide-devouring oven sent A flake of fire, that flashing in his beard, Him all amaz'd, and almost made afeard. Fairy Queen. But tell me, Hal, art thou not horridly afeard? Thou being heir apparent, could the world pick thee out three such enemies again. Shaksp. Henry IV. Till he cherish too much beard, And make Love or me afeard. Ben Jonson. 2. It has the particle of, before the object of fear. Fear is described by Spenser to ride in armour, at the clashing whereof he looks afeard of himself.' Peacham. It is now obsolete; the last author, whom I have found using it, is Scdley. A'PER, a'fur.s8 n. s. [Lat.] The south- west wind. With adverse blast upturns them from the south. Notus and Afer, black with thund'rous clouds. Milton's Par. Lost, b. x. Affabi'lity, af-fa-birie-te\ n.s. [affabili- te, Fr. affabilitas. Lat. See Affable.] The quality, of being affable; easiness of manners; courteousness; civility; con- descension. It is commonly used of su- periours. Hearing of her beauty and her wit, Her affability and bashful modesty, Her wond'rous qualities, and mild behaviour. Shaks. He was of a most flowing courtesy and affability to all men; and so desirous to oblige them, that he did not enough consider the value of the obligation or the merit of the person. Clarendon. All instances of charity, sweetness of conversa- tion, affability, admonition, all significations of ten- derness, care, and watchfulness, must be expressed towards children. Taylor. It is impossible for a publick minister, to be so open and easy to all his old friends, as he was in his private condition: but this may be helped out, by an affability of address. L'Estrange, A'FFABLE, affa-bl.06 adj. [affable, Fr. affabilis, Lat.] 1. Easy of manners; accostable; courteous; complaisant. It is used of superiours. He was affable, and both well and fair spoken; and would use strange sweetness and blandishment of words, where he desired to affect or persuade any thing, that he took to heart. Bacon. Her father is An affable and courteous gentleman. Slmksp. Gentle to me and affable hath been Thy condescension, and shall be honour'd ever With grateful memory. Milton's Par. Lost, b. viii 2. It is applied, to the external appear- ance; benign; mild; favourable. Augustus appeared, looking round him with a se- rene and affable countenance upon all the writers of his age. Tatitr. A'ffableness, af-fa-bl-ness'. n. s. [from affable.'] Courtesy; affability. A'ffaiily, af'fa-ble. adv. [from affable.] In an affable manner; courteously: civil- iy- A'FFABROus,af'fa-brus. adj. [affabre, Fr.] Skilfully made; complete; finished in a workman-like manner. Diet. Affabula'tion, af'fab-u-la-shun. n. «. [affabulatio, Lat.] The .moral of a fa- ble. Diet. Affa'ir, af-fare. n. s. [affaire, Fr.] Busi- ness; something to be managed or trans- acted. It is used, for both private and publick matters. I was not born, for courts or great affairs; I pay my debts, believe, and say my prayers. Pept. A good acquaintance with method will greatly as- sist every one, in ranging, disposing, and managing all human affairs. Waits's Logick. What St. John's skill in state affairs, What Ormond's valour, Oxford's cares, To aid their sinking country lent; Was all destroy'd, by one event. Swift.$