A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1).
- Johnson, Samuel, 1709-1784.
- Date:
- 1819
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1). Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
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![with reference to some certain price; as, / can afford this for less than the other. They fill their magazines, in times of the great- est plenty, that so they may afford cheaper, and in- crease the public revenue, at a small expense to its members. Jlddison on Italy. 4. To be able to bear expenses; as, tra- ders can afford more finery in fieace than in war. The same errours run through all families; where there is wealth enough to afford, that their sons may be good for nothing. Swift on Modern Education. To AFFO'REST, af-for'rest.10 168 v. a [afforestare, Lat.] To turn ground into forest. It appearcth, by Charta de Foresta, that he af- forested many woods and wastes, to the grievance of the subject, which by that law were disafforested. Sir John Davies on Ireland. Afforesta'tion, af-for-res-ta'shun. n. s. [from afforest.] The charter de Foresta was, to reform the en- croachments made in the time of Richard I, and Henry II; who had made new afforestations, and much extended the rigour of the forest laws. Hale. To Affra'nchise, af-fran'tshiz.140 v. a. [affrancher, Fr.] To make free. To AFFRA'Y, af-fra'. v. a. [effrayer, ovef- firiger, Fr. which Menage derives from fragor; perhaps it comes from frigus.] To fright; to terrify; to strike with fear. This word is not now in use. The same to wight he never would disclose; But when as monsters huge he would dismay, Or daunt unequal armies of his foes, Or when the flying heavens he would affray. Fairy Queen. Affra'y, or Affra'yment, af-fra', or af- fra'menl. n. s. [from the verb.] 1. A tumultuous assault of one or more persons upon others; a law term. A battlei in this sense it is writtenyray. 2. Tumult; confusion: out of use. Let the night be calm and quietsome, Without tempestuous storms or sad affray. Spenser. Affki'gtion, af-frik'shun. n. s. [affrictio, Lat.] The act of rubbing one thing upon another. I have divers times observed, in wearing silver- hilted swords, that, if they rubbed upon my clothes, if they were of a light-coloured cloth, the affliction would quickly blacken them; and, congruously hereunto, I have found pens blacked almost all over, when I had a while carried them about me in a silver case. Boyle. To AFFRi'GHTaf-frite'. T>.a.[SeeFRiGHT.] 1. To affect with fear; to terrify. It ge- nerally implies a sudden impression of fear. Thy name affrights me, in whose sound is death. Shaksp. Henry VI. Godlike his courage seem'd; whom nor delight Could soften, nor the face of death affright. Waller. He, when his country (threaten'd with alarm) Requires his courage and his conq'ring arm, Shall more than once the Punic bands affright. Dryden's Mneid- 2. It is used in the passive, sometimes with at, before the thing feared. Thou shalt not be affrighted at them; for the Lord thy God is among you. > Deut. vii, 21. 3. Sometimes with the particle with, be* fore the thing feared. As one affright With hellish fiends, or furies mad uproar, He then uprose. Fairy Queen, 6. ii. cant. 5 Affri'ght, af-frite'. n. s. [from the verb.] This word is chiefly AF I 1. Terrour; fear poetical. As the moon, cloathed with cloudy night, Docs shew to him, that walks in fear and sad af- fright. Fairy Queen. Wide was his parish, not contracted close In streets, but here and there a straggling house; Yet still he was at hand, without request, To serve the sick, to succour the distress'd; Tempting, on foot, alone, without affright, The dangers of a dark tempestuous night. Dryden. 2. The cause of fear; a terrible object; dreadful appearance. I see the gods Upbraid our suff'rings, and would humble them, By sending these affrights, while we are here; That we might laugh, at their ridiculous fear. B. Jons. Ctililine. The war at hand appeals with more affright, And rises ev'ry moment to the sight. Dryd. JEneid. Affri'ghtful, af-frite'ful. adj. [from af- fright.] Full of affright or terrour; ter- rible; dreadful. There is an absence of all that is destructive or ffrightfxd to human nature. Decay of Piety. Affri'grtment, af-frite'ment. n. s. [from affright..] '.. The impression of fear; terrour. She awaked, with the affrightment of a dream. Wotton. Passionate words or blows, from the tutor, fill the child's mind with terrour and affrightment; which immediately takes it wholly up, and leaves no room for other impression. Locke. 2. The state of fearfulness. Whether those, that (under any anguish of mind) return to affrightments or doubtings, have not been hypocrites. Hammond. To AFFRO'NT, af-frunt'.16* v. a. [af- fronter, Fr. that is, ad frontem stare; ad frontem contumeliam allidcrey to insult a man to his face.] 1. To meet face to face; to encounter. This seems the genuine and original sense of the word; which was formerly indifferent to good or ill. We have closely sent for Hamlet hither; That he, as 'twere by accident, may here Affront Ophelia. Shaksp. Hamlet. The seditious, the next day, affronted the king's forces at the entrance of a highway; whom when they found both ready and resolute to fight, they de- sired enterparlance. Sir John Hayward. 2. To meet, in an hostile manner, front to front. His holy rites and solemn feasts profan'd, And with their darkness durst affront his light. Paradise Lost. 3. To offer an open insult; to offend avow- edly. With respect to this sense, it is ob- served by Cervantes; that, ' if a man strike another on the back, and then run away; the person so struck is injur- ed, but not affronted; an affront always implying a justification of the act.' Did not this fatal war affront thy coast? Yet sattest thou an idle looker-on. Fairfax, i. 51. But harm precedes not sin; only our foe, Tempting, affronts us with his foul esteem Of our integrity. Milton''s Par. Lost, b. ix. I would learn the cause, why Torrismond (Within my palace walls, within my hearing, Almost within my sight) affronts a prince, Who shortly shall command him. Dryd. Span. Friar. This brings to mind Faustina's fondness for the gladiator, and is interpreted as satire: but how can one imagine, that the Fathers would have dared to affront the wife of Aurelius? Addison. n. s. [from the verb Affro'nt, af-frunt' affront.] I. Open opposition; encounter: a sense not frequent, though regularly deducible from the derivation. Fearless of danger, like a petty god I walk'd about admir'd of all, and dreaded On hostile ground, none daring my affront. Sampson Agonistes, 2. Insult, offered to the face; contemptu- ous or rude treatment; contumely. He would often maintain Plantianus, in doing af- fronts to his son. Bacon's Essays. You've done enough; for you design'd my chains: The grace is vanish'd; but th' affront remains. Dryden's Aurengzebe. He, that is found reasonable in one thing, is con- cluded to be so in all; and, to think or say otherwise is thought so unjust an affront, and so senseless a censure, that nobody ventures to do it. Locke There is nothing, which we receive with somucli reluctance, as advice: we look upon the man, who gives it us, as offering an affront to our understand- ing, and treating us like children or ideots. Addison, Spectator, No. 512. 3. Outrage; act of contempt, in a more ge- neral sense. Oft have they violated The temple, oft the law, with foul affronts, Abominations rather. Milton's Paradise Regained. 4 Disgrace; shame. This sense is rather peculiar to the Scottish dialect. Antonius attacked the pirates of Crete; and, by his too great presumption, was defeated; upon the sense of which affront, he died with grief. Arbuthnot on Coins. Affro'nter, af-frun'tur.98 n. s. [from af- front.'] The person, that affronts. Affro'nting, af-frui/tlng. fiarticifiialadj. [from affront.] That, which has the quality of affronting; contumelious. Among words, which signify the same principal ideas, some are clean and decent, others unclean; some are kind, others are affronting and reproach- ful ; because of the secondary idea, which custom has affixed to them. Watts's Logick. To AFFU'SE, af-fuze' v. a. [affundo, af- fusum, Lat.] To pour one thing upon an- other. I poured acid liquors, to try if they contained any volatile salt or sj.iiit; which would probably have discovered itself, by making an ebullition with the affused liquor. Boyle. Affu'sion, af-fu'zhun. n. s. [affusio, Lat.] The act of pouring one thing upon an- other. Upon the affusion of a tincture of galls, it imme- diately became as black as ink. {Zreio's Musozum- To AFFY', af-fi'. v. a. [affier, Fr. affidare mulierem, Bracton.] To betroth, in or- der to marriage. Wedded be thou to the hags of hell, Far daring to affy a mighty lord, Unto the daughter of a worthless king. Shaksp. To Affy', af-fi'. v. n. To put confidence in; to put trust in; to confide. Not in use. Marcus Andronicus, so I do affy In thy uprightness and integrity, That I will here dismiss my loving friends. Sliaksp. Titus Andr. Afi'kld, a-feeld'.27s adv. [from a and field. See Field.] To the field. We drove afield; and both together heard, What time the grey fly winds her sultry horn; Batt'ning our flocks, with the fresh dews of night. Miltmu Afield I went, amid the morning dew, To milk my kine;for so should housewives do. Gay-](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21133803_0174.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
