A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1).

Johnson, Samuel, 1709-1784.

Date:: 1819

Credit: A dictionary of the English language: in which the words are deduced from their originals, and illustrated in their different significations by examples from the best writers : to which are prefixed a history of the language, and an English grammar (Volume 1). Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

Title Page

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$APE Ipago'gioal, a-pa-god'jik-al. adj. [from «*•*'/«yjj, compounded of*™ from, and Jey* to bring or draw.] An afiogogical demonstration is such, as docs not prove the thing directly; but shews the impossibility or absurdity, which arises from denying it; and is also called re- ductifl ad im/iossibile, or ad absurdum. Chambers. Apa'rt, a-part'. adv. [apart, Er.] 1. Separately from the rest, in place. Since 1 cuter into that question, it behoveth me, to give reason for my opinion, with circumspection; because I walk aside, and in a way apart from the multitude. Raleigh. The party discerned, that the earl of Essex would never serve their turn; they resolved to have another army apart, that should be at their devotion. Clarendon. 2. In a state of distinction; as, to selaparl for any use. He is so very figurative, that he requires a gram- mar apart, to construe him. Dryden. The tyrant shall demand yon sacred load, And gold and vessels, set apart for God. Prior. 3. Distinctly. Moses first nameth heaven and earth, putting wa- ters but in the third place, as comprehending waters in the word earth; but afterwards he nameth them apart. Raleigh. 4. At a distance; retired from the other company. So please you, madam, To put opart these your attendants. Shaksp. Aiw'rtment, a-part'ment. n. s. [afiarte- ment, Fr.] A part of the house, allotted to the use of any particular person; a room; a set of rooms. A private gallery 'twixt th' apartments led, Not to the foe yet known. Sir J. Denham. He, pale as death, despoil'd of his array, Into the queen's apartment takes his way. Dryden. The most considerable ruin is that on the eastern promontory, where are still some apartments left, very high and arched at top. Mdison. A'pathy, ap'a-Me. n. s. [«. not, and w* «$ feeling.] The quality of not feeling; ex- emption from passion; freedom from mental perturbation. Of good and evil much they argued then, Passion and apathy, and glory and shame. MiUon. To remain insensible of such provocations, is not constancy, but apathy. South. In lazy apathy let Stoicks boast Their virtue fix; 'tis fixed as in frost, Contracted all, retiring to the breast; But strength of mind is exercise, not rest. Pope. APE, ape. n. s. [ape, Icelandish.] 1. A kind of monkey, remarkable for imi- tating what he sees. I will be more newfangled, than an ape; more giddy in my desires, than a monkey. Shaksp. Writers report, that the heart of an ape, worn near the heart, comforteth the heart, and increaseth audacity. It is true, that the ape is a merry and bold beast. Bacon. With glittering gold and sparkling gems they shine; But apes and monkeys are the gods within. Granville. Celestial Beings, when of late they saw A mortal man unfold all Nature's law, Admir'd such knowledge in, a human shape, And show'd a Newton, as we show an ape. Pope. 2. An imitator; used generally in the bad sense. Julio Romano, who, had he himself eternity, and could put breath into his work, would beguile Na- ture of her custom: so perfectly is he her ape.Shaksp. APE To Ape, ape, v. a. [from ape.] To imitate, as an ape imitates human actions. Jiping the foreigners in every dress; Which, bought at greater cost, becomes him less. Dryden. Curse on the stripling! how he apes his sire! Ambitiously sententious! Addison. Ai'k'ak, or Ape'ek, a-p£ke'. adv. [proba- bly from a pique.] In a posture to pierce; formed with a point. A'i'epsy, ap'6p-se.503 n.s. [utc^im ] A loss of natural concoction. Quincy- A'per, a'pur.98 n. s. [from ape.] A ridi- culous imitator or mitnick. Ape'kient, a-pe're-ent. adj. [aperio, Lat. to open.] That, which has the quality of opening; chiefly used of medicines, gently purgative. There be bracelets, fit to comfort the spirits: and they be of three intentions; refrigerant; corrobo- rant, and aperient. Bacon. Of the stems of plants, some contain a fine aperi- ent salt, and are diuretic and saponaceous. Arbuthnot. Ape'ritive. a-per'e-tiv. adj. [from aperio, Lat. to open.] That, which has the quality of opening the excrementitious passages of the body They may make broth, with the addition vfapera- tive herbs. Harvey. Ape'kt, a-pert', adj. [apertus, Lat.] Open. Ape'rtion, a'per-shun. n. s. [from aper- tus, Lat.] 1. An opening; a passage through any thing; a gap. The next now in order are the apertxons; under which term I do comprehend doors, windows, stair- cases, chimneys, or other conduits; in short, all in- lets or outlets. Wotton. 2. The act of opening; or state of being opened. The plenitude of vessels, otherwise called the plethora, when it happens, causethan extravasation of blood, either by ruption or apertion of them. Wiseman. Ape'iitly, a-pert-le. adv. [aperte, Lat.] Openly; without covert. Ape'rtness, a-pert'ness. n. s. [from apert.] Openness. The freedom or apertness, and vigour of pro- nouncing, and the closeness of muffling and lazi- ness of speaking, render the sound different. Holder. A'perture, ap'er-tshure.460 463 n.s. [from apertus, open.] 1. The act of opening. Hence ariseth the facility of joining a consonant to a vowel; because, from an appulse to an aper- ture is easier, than from one appulse to another. Holder. 2. An open place. If memory be made by the easy motion of the spirits through the opened passages, images (without doubt) pass through the same apertures. Glanville. 3. The hole next the object glass of a telescope or microscope. The concave metal bore an aperture of an inch; but the aperture was limited by an opaque circle' perforated in the middle. Neicton's Opticks. 4. Enlargement; explanation; a sense sel- dom found. It is too much untwisted by the doctors, and (like philosophy) made intricate by explications, and difficult by the aperture and dissolution of distinc- tions, rp . k i a , „ lay ten: Ape talous, a-pet'a-lus.3** adj. [odphv. and zrtrxMv a leaf.] Without petala or flower leaves. API Ape'talovsness, a-pet'a-lCis-nds. n. 9. [from apctalous.] Being without leaves. ^'/>£Ar>a'peks. n. s. apices, plur. [Lat.] The tip or point of any thing. The apex, or lesser end of it, is broken off. Woodward. APHjE'RESISMh't-^s.^v. s. [i$x{. f*0-/«.] A figure in grammar, that takes away a letter or syllable from the be- ginning of a word. APHE'LIOJV, a-fe'le-un. n. s. aphelia, plur. [from emo, and«A<(^- the sun.] That part of the orbit of a planet, in which it is at the point remotest from the sun. The reason, why the comets move not in the zo- diack, is, that, in their aphelia they may be at the greatest distances from one another; and consequent- ly disturb one another's motions the least that may be- Cheyne APHE'TA, a-fe'ta. n.s. [with astrolo- gers.] The name of the planet, which is imagined to be the giver or disposer of life in a nativity. Dictt Aphe'tical, a-f'6'te-kal. adj. [from aflhe. ta.~\ Relating to the apheta. Aphila'nthropy, afe-laii'Mro-pe n. t. [a without, and <ptX*vfyo)7nx love of mankind.] Want of love to mankind. A'phony, af'6-ne. n. s. [£ without, and <pav» speech.] A loss of speech. Quincy A'PHORISM, af'6-rizm.™3 n. s. [«<p6?l?. ft*t.~] A maxim; a precept, contracted in a short sentence; an unconnected position. He will easily discern, how little of truth there is in the multitude; and, though sometimes they are flattered with that aphorism, will hardly believe the voice of the people to be the voice of God. Broicn. I shall at present consider the aphorism, that a man of religion and virtue is a more useful, and consequently a more valuable member of a com- munity. Rogm_ Aphori'stical, af-6-ris'te-kal. adj. [from aphorism.'] In the form of in aphorism; in separate and unconnected sentences. Aphori'stically, af-6-ris'te-kal-le. adv. [from aphoristical.] In the form of an aphorism. These, being carried down, seldom miss a cure; as Hippocrates doth always aphoi istically tell us. Harvey. Aphrodisi'acal, af'fio-de-zi'a-kal. ) .. Aphrodisi'ack, af'fro-dizh'e-ak.*81 \ J' [from Appofifo, Venus.] Relating to the venereal disease. A'piary, a'pe-a-re.63* n. s. [from apis, Lat. a bee.] The place, where bees are kept. Those, who are skilled in bees, when they see a foreign swarm approaching to plunder their hives, have a trick to divert them into some neighbouring apiary, there to make what havock they please. Swift. API'CES,a\)'^-stes. of a flower. [Lat. from apex, the top.] Little knobs, that grow on the tops of the stamina, in the middle of a flower: they are commonly of a dark purplish colour. By the mi- croscope they have been discovered to be a sort of cafisula seminales, or seed ves- sels; containing in them small globular (and often oval) particles, of various colours, andexquisitely formed. Quincy.$