Mediterranean seaports and sea routes including Madeira, the Canary Islands, the coast of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia : handbook for travellers / by Karl Baedeker.

  • Karl Baedeker
Date:
1911
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: Mediterranean seaports and sea routes including Madeira, the Canary Islands, the coast of Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia : handbook for travellers / by Karl Baedeker. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    10 linutc I.ISHON, llistiirt/. tin; legends of Ulysses. Under the Homans, llianks to its splendid liurbonr, it ranked as tlie second city in Lusitania, and alternately with M6rida, the ca])ital, was frequentlv’the residence of the Koinan governors. From t(i7 to 585 it was occupied by the Alans, and from 585 to 715 by the Visigoths, and after the battle of Veger dc la Frontera (711) it fell into the hands of the Moors, who called it Aloxhhvna or Linlibuvu. In 1117 it was retaken by king Afonso Henriques, aided by an army of Crusader.'^. The hulk of these were Englishmen; and thus the siege of Lisbon is doubly interesting as it was ‘the first instance of the close connection between the two nations (England and Portugal) which has lasted down to the present century’ (H. M. Stephens). The importance of Lisbon began under Affovno III. (1218-7-t)). who transferred the royal residence hither from Coimbra (1260). The great discoveries made hv the Portuguese at the end of the 15th cent., and the eonquest of India by Francisco d'Almeida (d. 1510) and Affonso de, Albuquerque, (d. 1515), greatly benefited tlie capital, which soon became the richest town in Europe, and recovered rapidly even from the eflfects of the earthquakes of 1531 and 1575. But the sixty years of Spanish dominion (1580-1640). the defeats of the Si)anish and Portuguese fleets in the war with Holland, and the loss of India were severe trials. The eartlninake of 1755 laid half the city in ruins. Tlie beginning of the 19th cent, brought the French invasion, the removal of the royal residence to Bio do Janeiro, the Peninsular War, the loss of Brazil, and the utter decadence of Lisbon. Since the jicriod of revolutions, and since the jiartial bankruptcy of the country in 1892, Lisbon has again risen from a state of decay to he a great and handsome city, thanks largely to the initiative of the German Prince Ferdinand of Sa.re-Cobury-Iudiar;/. consort of Queen Maria If., and to his sons, Pedro V. (1853-61) and Lui-v I. (1861-89). Party strife in the next reign led to the dictatorship of the minister Jodo Franco, and on 1st Feh. 1908 Lisbon witnessed the assassination of Carlos T. and the crown-])rince Luis Philippe (coni)). )>. 11). Carlos’s second son then ascended the throne as Manuel II. He had, however, only reigned two years when the establishment of the Re))uhlic loreed him to^ go into exile (5th Oct., 1910). President of the ])rovisional government Theophilo Braqa. The republican colours are green and red. a. Cidade Baixa, Lisboa Occidental and Oriental. Most ot the public buildings in Lisbon, erected almost cxclus- iicly after the earthquake of 1755, arc situated in the Pratja do Commercio (I’l.F, 5). In the centre of the square rises an Mueslrum Stafuc of Joseph I. (1750-77); on the .S. side is the ae.s das (olumnas, a quay affording a superb view of the bay of the Tapis, with its bu.sy shipping, and of the S. bank (Outra Band.a), with the castle-hill of Palniella in the distance. /-s-scpiare begins tbe rectangularlv planned Cidade Baixa (‘lower city’), once a bav of the Tagns,' the three chief streets of which, running to the N., are the Bna Augusta, spanned by a truin.phal arcb, the Rua d’Ouro or Aurea (to the left), and the Rua da Prata (to the right). These streets alford interesting glimpses oi the tow'ering masses of the houses of Lisboa Oceiden- Ito tho I ’-'‘‘I of Lisboa Oriental i with tbe catbedral and the castle of St.*George. At the N. end of the Rua Augusta and the Rua Aurea lies the —
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