Volume 1

Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas.

  • Joseph Thomas
Date:
1911, ©1908
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    1393/1486 (page 1375)
    This treaty was at once assailed with almost unexampled violence by the party favourable to France. Mobs lighted bonfires with it in the principal cities, and in Boston Jay himself was burned in effigy. On the other hand, Ham¬ ilton defended the treaty with an ability that extorted the admiration even of its opponents, and Fisher Ames, in one of the greatest efforts of American eloquence, declared that the “ treaty had justly raised the character of the nation.” It was finally carried into effect by a vote of fifty-eight to fifty-one. While Jay was absent in England, he was elected, without his knowledge or consent, Governor of New York,—an office which he held for six years. It was under his administration that slavery in that State was abolished. In writing to a friend, in 1780, he had declared, “Till America comes into this measure, [the abolition of slavery,] her prayers to Heaven for liberty will be impious.” Five years later (1785) he was made president of a society in New York “to promote the manumission of slaves.” Having de¬ clined a re-election at the close of his second guberna¬ torial term, Jay was nominated and confirmed by the Senate to succeed Oliver Ellsworth in his former office of chief justice of the United States; but this honour he also declined, and for the remainder of his life resided on his estate at Bedford, Westchester county, New York. He died May 17, 1829. “In lofty disinterestedness,” says Hildreth, “ in unyielding integrity, in superiority to the illusions of passion, no one of the great men of the Revolution approached so near to Washington,” (as Jay.) Jay was a member of the Episcopal Church, and was a man of deep religious as well as earnest moral convictions; the Bible is said to have been his con¬ stant study. In stature he was somewhat less than six feet in height; he was well formed, but rather thin, face colourless, with deep-blue eyes, and aquiline nose. See a “ Life of John Jay, with Selections from his Writings,” by his son, William Jay, 2 vols., 1833; Jambs Renwick, “ Lives of John Jay and Alexander Hamilton,” 1840; Henry Flanders, “Lives and Times of the Chief Justices of the United States,” *855; “ National Portrait-Gallery of Distinguished Americans,” vol. ii.; “ North American Review” for July, 1823, and October, 1833. Jay, (John,) an eminent lawyer, a grandson of the preceding, and a son of Judge William Jay, was born in New York in 1817. He graduated at Columbia College in 1836, studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1839. He distinguished himself as an opponent of slavery, and was counsel for several fugitive slaves in the courts of law. From 1869 to 1875 he was minister to Austria, and from 1883 to 1888 president of the New York State Civil Service Commission. He was twice chosen president of the Union League of New York. Died May 5, 1894. Jay, (William,) a popular English dissenting minis¬ ter and writer, born at Tisbury, Wiltshire, in 1769. He was the pupil and protege of the Rev. Cornelius Winter. He began to preach about the age of sixteen, and be¬ came in 1791 minister of Argyle Chapel, Bath, where lie continued to preach for sixty-two years. He was called the “prince of preachers” by the eminent John Foster. Among his works are “Morning and Evening Exercises,” (1842,) “Lectures on Female Scripture Characters,” (1854,) a “Life of Cornelius Winter,” “Mornings with Jesus,” (1854,) and “Evenings with Jesus,” (1854.) Died in December, 1853. Jay, (William,) an American philanthropist, second son of Chief-Justice Jay, was born in New York in 1789. He graduated at Yale in 1807, and on the death of his father, in 1829, succeeded to the family estate at Bedford. He had previously, in 1820, been appointed first judge of Westchester county, in which office he was continued till superseded, in 1842, on account of his anti-slavery opinions. He early entered upon his philanthropic labours, and continued to exert himself in behalf of the temperance reform, the abolition of slavery, educa¬ tional and missionary enterprises, Sunday-schools, tract and Bible societies, etc., for the remainder of his life. He was for several years the president of the American Peace Society, and was one of the chief founders of the American Bime Society. His principal works are the “Life of John Jay, with Selections from his Writings,” (2 vols., 1833,) “An Inquirv into the Character and < as k; 9 as s; g hard; g as j; G, H, YL, guttural; N, nasal; R, i Tendency of the American Colonization and American Anti-Slavery Societies,” (1835,) “A View of the Action of the Federal Government in Behalf of Slavery,” (1839,) “War and Peace,” (1848,) and “ A Review of the Causes and Consequences of the Mexican War,” (1849.) Died at Bedford, New York, in 1858. Jay, le, (Gui Michel.) See Le Jay. Jayadeva or Djayadeva, ji-a-da'v^, a celebrated Hindu poet, known as the author of the “ Gita Govinda,” (“ Song of Krishna,”) a famous Sanscrit poem in honour of Krishna. The time and circumstances of his life are unknown. An Oriental critic refers to Jayadeva as a poet in the following terms: “Whatever is delightful in the modes of music, . . . whatever is exquisite in the sweet art of love, whatever is graceful in the strains of poetry,—all that let the happy and wise learn from the songs of Jayadeva.” See Moor, “Hindu Pantheon;” “Asiatic Researches,” voL iiL p. 207. Jazet, zhitzy, (Jean Pierre Marie,) a French en¬ graver, bom in Paris in 1788. He perfected the art of engraving in aquatint, and reproduced the works of Horace Vernet and other masters. Died in 1871. Jeacocke, ja'kok, ? (Caleb,) a baker of London, known as the author of the “ Vindication of the Moral Character of the Apostle Paul against the Charges of Hypocrisy and Insincerity brought by Bolingbroke, Mid¬ dleton, and Others,” (1765.) Died in 1786. Jeaffreson, jef'f?r-sn, (John Cordy,) an English author, born at Framlingham, in Suffolk, January 14, 1831. He was educated at Pembroke College, Oxford, where he graduated in 1852. In 1859 he was called to the bar at the Middle Temple. He has published “Crewe Rise,” (1854,) “The Rapier of Regent’s Park,” (1882,) and a dozen other novels, “Novels and Novel¬ ists,” (1858,) “ A Book about Doctors,” (i860,) “ A Book about Lawyers,” (1866,) “The Real Lord Byron,” (1883,) “ Lady Hamilton and Lord Nelson,” (1889,) “Victoria, Queen and Empress,” (1893,) etc. Jean of France. See John. Jean Bon Saint-Andrd, zhftN b6N siN't&N'dRi/, Baron, a French revolutionist, born at Montauban in 1749. He studied theology, and became a Protestant minister. He was chosen deputy to the National Con¬ vention in 1792, joined the Jacobins, voted for the death of the king, and was elected one of the committee of public safety. He was appointed prefect of Mayence, (Mentz,) where he won great esteem by the firmness, in tegrity, and wisdom of his administration. Died in 1815. Jean Jacques. See Rousseau. Jean de Matha. See John of Matha, Saint. Jean de Paris, zhftN de pi're', a French Dominican, and professor of theology at Paris, wrote “ De Regia Potestate et Papali,” in which he maintained the cause of King Philip against the pope. Died in 1304. Jean Paul. See Richter. Jeanes, jeenz, (Henry,) an English divine, born at Allensay, in Somersetshire, in 1611. He wrote a treatise on “ Abstinence from Evil,” one entitled “ The Image Unbroken,” (1651,) in defence of Charles I., and a work in reply to the “ Iconoclastes” of Milton. Died in 1662. Jeanne d’Albret, zhtn dtl'bR^', or Joan, Queen of Navarre, born in 1528, was the only child of Henri d’Albret, King of Navarre, and Marguerite, sister of the French monarch Francis I. Her earliest suitor was Philip, the son of Charles V. of Germany; but Francis I. opposed the union, and gave her in marriage to Antoine de Bour¬ bon, Duke of Vendome, in 1548. Through her husband’s influence she embraced the Calvinistic faith, caused it to be introduced into Navarre, and in a short time was re¬ garded as one of the chief supporters of Protestantism in France. On the 13th of December, 1553, she gave birth to a son, afterwards known as the illustrious Henry IV. In I555* with ker husband, she succeeded to the sovereignty of Navarre. Two years later, her husband, having been appointed lieutenant-general of France, was killed at the siege of Rouen. Jeanne died at Paris in 1572. She was distinguished for her talents, virtues, and heroic qualities. See Sismohdi, “Histoire des Fran^ais;” D» Thop, “Hiatoria »ui Temporia;” D’Aubign4, “M^moirea. 'tiled; s as t; th as in this. (SQ^See Explanations, p. 23.)