Volume 1
Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas.
- Joseph Thomas
- Date:
- 1911, ©1908
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas. Source: Wellcome Collection.
1400/1486 (page 1382)
![Kirchengeschichte,'’ vol. xi.; Martianay, “ Vie de Saint-Jerome,” 1706; F. Z. Collombet, “Histoire de Saint-Jerome,” 1844; Josrf DB Siguknza, “ Vida de San Geronimo,” Madrid, 1595 ; Sebastiano Dolci,“ Maximus Hieronymus Vitae suae Scriptor,” etc., 1758; Ville- main, “Tableau de l’Eloquence chr^tienne au quatri&me Sifccle,” 1857; Vincenzo Romani, “Compendio storico della Vita e degli Scntti di S. Girolamo,” 2 vols., 1844; Ersch und Gruber, “Allge- meine Encyklopaedie. ” Jerome of Santa F£, (sin'ti fll,) a learned Spanish Jew, who lived about 1420. His Hebrew name was Joshua Larchi. After making a careful examination of the prophecies in regard to the Messiah, he was con¬ vinced of the truth of Christianity. He wrote a treatise on the errors of the Jewish faith, and another against the Talmud. J6rdme de Cardie. See Hieronymus. Jerome of Prague, [Lat. Hieron'ymus Pragen'sis,] one of the most distinguished followers of John Huss, was born in the city from which he took his surname. He studied at the Universities of Paris, Heideiberg, and Co¬ logne, each of which conferred upon him the diploma of D.D. About 1400 he became acquainted with John Huss, whose doctrines he soon after began to preach with great effect in Bohemia, Hungary, and Poland. In 1415, when Huss was arrested, Jerome prepared to go to Constance to defend him. Being informed, however, of the great hostility felt there towards reputed heretics, he retired to Eberlingen, and afterwards attempted to return to Bohemia, but was arrested, and placed in the custody of the Prince of Salzburg, who sent him in chains to Constance, where he was thrown into prison and treated with great cruelty. On a third examination before the council, he signed a recantation of the doctrines of Huss in regard to transubstantiation ; but a few months after he bitterly repented of this, and declared that fear of a cruel death alone induced him to do it. He was thereupon condemned as a heretic, and sentenced to be burnt on the 30th of May, 1416. He suffered with the greatest firmness, serenity, and Christian heroism, and his death excited the highest admiration even in his enemies. Jerome, (Jerome Klapka,) an English humourist, born at Walsall in 1859. He was successively clerk, school-master, actor, and journalist, being editor of “Idler” 1892-97, and of “To-Day” 1893-97. His first and greatest success as a humourous writer was with “Three Men in a Boat,” (1889.) He subse¬ quently published numerous other works. Jgr'ram, (Charles,) an English theologian, born in 1770, was vicar of Chobham, Surrey. He published, besides other works, “ Conversations on Infant Baptism,” (2d edition, 1826.) Died about 1853. See “ Memoirs of C. Jerram,” by his son,' 1855. JSr'rpld, (Douglas William,) celebrated as a hu¬ mourist, a journalist, and a dramatical and satirical writer, was born in London in 1803. He was the son of the manager of Sheerness Theatre, where he imbibed his taste for dramatic literature. He was apprenticed to a printer in London, in which situation he diligently improved his leisure hours in the study of literature and the languages. Shakspeare was his favourite book. His first production was an essay on the opera of “ Der Frei- schiitz,” which he enclosed anonymously to the editor by whom he was then employed. The article was highly commended, and Jerrold had the satisfaction of placing it in type. Thus encouraged, he wrote “.Black-Eyed Susan,” (about 1824,) one of the most popular dramas ever acted on the English stage. This if; as followed by several other plays of great merit. Ke afterwards be¬ came a contributor to “ Punch,” the popularity of which was rapidly increased by his satirical and witty produc¬ tions. He also edited successively “ The Pleads of the People,” “The Illuminated Magazine,” “The Shilling Magazine,” and “ Lloyd’s Weekly.” All of these were very successful, and the last had an immense circulation. Many of his writings have been issued in volume form among which we may mention “ Mrs. Caudle’s Curtain Lectures,” (new edition, 1846,) “Chronicles of Clover- nook,” (1846,) “Saint Giles and Saint James,” (1851,) “Prisoner of War,” “Time Works Wonders,” (1854,) and the “ Bubbles of the Day.” Died in 1857. Jerrold, (Walter Copeland,) grandson of the preceding, was born at Liverpool in 1865. He became a journalist, and published biographies of Faraday, Gladstone, and Holmes, “ Electricians and their Mar¬ vels,” (1895,) and various other works. Jerrold, (William Blanchard,) a son of Doug¬ las, was born at London in 1826. He published, be¬ sides other works, “ A Brage-Beaker with the Swedes, or Notes from the North,” (1853,) “Life of Douglas Jerrold,” (1859,) “ Chronicles of a Crutch,” (i860,) “Two Lives,” (1865,) “Up and Down in the World,” (1866,) “The Children of Lutetia,” “The Gavroche Party,” (1870,) “London, a Pilgrimage,” (1872,) “Life of Napo¬ leon III.,” (1874,) etc. He succeeded his father as ediioi of “Lloyd’s Weekly News.” Died March 10, 1884. Jerusalem, yi-roo'zi-ISm', (Johann Friedrich Wilhelm,) a celebrated Protestant divine and pulpit orator, born at Osnabriick, in Germany, in 1709. He was appointed in 1740 court preacher to Duke Charles of Brunswick, and soon after became tutor to his son, Prince Charles William. Through his influence the Caroline College was established at Brunswick. In 1771 he was created vice-president of the consistory at Wol- fenbiittel. He published, besides sermons, “Contem¬ plations on the Principal Truths of Religion,” (5 vols., 1768-79.) Died in 1789. J$r'vis, (John,) Earl of Saint Vincent, and admiral of the British fleet, born at Meaford, in Staffordshire, in 1734. He entered the navy when ten years old, and in 1760 became a post-captain. In 1778 he commanded an eighty-gun ship in Keppel’s action against the French, and in 1782 captured the Pegase, of seventy-four guns. He sat in Parliament several years for various boroughs, until the commencement of the French Revolution, when he sailed at the head of a squadron to the West Indies, with the rank of rear-admiral. He captured Martinique, Guadeloupe, and Saint Lucia. In 1795 he was made admiral of the blue, and commander of the naval force in the Mediterranean. He encountered the Spanish fleet off Cape Saint Vincent in February, 1797, and, though their force was double his own, he gained a complete victory. For this exploit he received the thanks of both Houses of Parliament, and a pension of £3000, and was raised to the peerage, with the titles of Earl of Saint Vin¬ cent and Baron Jervis of Meaford. He was appointed first lord of the admiralty in 1801, and retired from that office in 1804. He became admiral of the fleet in 1821. Died in 1823. J^sabel, the French of Jezebel, which see. Jesi, ya'See, (Samuele,) an Italian engraver, born at Milan about 1789, executed a number of excellent plates, after Raphael. Died in 1853. Jesid. See Yezeed. JSs'se, (Edward,) an English naturalist and writer, published, besides other works, “Gleanings in Natural History,” (3 vols., 1832-35,) and “Scenes and Tales of Country Life,” (1844.) Died in 1868. Jesse, (John Heneage,) an English poet and his¬ torical writer of the present age. Among his works are “ Memoirs of the Court of England during the Reign of the Stuarts,” (4 vols., 1839-40,) and “Memoirs of the Pretenders and their Adherents,” (1845.) Died in 1874. Jes'sel, (Sir George,) an English judge, was born in London, of Jewish parents, in 1824. He was educated at University College, London, and in 1847 was called to the bar at Lincoln’s Inn. In 1865 he was made a bencher and Queen’s counsel, was sent to Parliament in 1868 as a Liberal, became solicitor-general in 1871, was knighted in 1872, and in 1873 was appointed master of the rolls and sworn of the Privy Council. He was regarded as the best equity lawyer in Great Britain. Died March 21, 1883. Jessenius, y5s-sa'ne-fts, (Johann,) a physician, born in Hungary in 1566, was employed by the Emperor of Germany. In 1621 he was condemned and executed for having attempted to incite his countrymen to revolt against the house of Austria. Jes'sey, (Henry,) a learned English divine, born in Yorkshire about 1600. He was ordained after the Epis¬ copal forms, and obtained a living. He subsequently became minister of a Baptist congregation. 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