Volume 1

Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas.

  • Joseph Thomas
Date:
1911, ©1908
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    1415/1486 (page 1397)
    noticed above, became confidential secretary to Cardinal de Retz. He is known as the author of the historical “ Memoirs” from 1648 to 1665, (1718.) An English trans¬ lation of this work was published in 1755. His “ Memoirs” are designed to explain and complete those of De Retz. Joly, (Joseph Romain,) a French monk and writer, born in 1715 ; died in 1805. Joly, (Marc Antoine,) a French dramatist, born in 1672, wrote “The School of Lovers,” and “The Jealous Wife.” Died in 1753. Joly or Jolly, (Marie Elisabeth,) a noted French actress, born at Versailles in 1761. In 1793 she was imprisoned by the revolutionists, but regained her free¬ dom on condition that she should perform at the theatre of the Republic. Died in 1798. Joly, (Philippe Louis,) a learned French ecclesiastic and philologist, born at Dijon about 1712. Among his works are “ Critical Remarks on the Dictionary of Bayle,” (1748,) and a “Treatise on French Versification,” (1751.) j Died in 1782. See QuArard, “La France Littdraire.” Joly de Bivy, zho'le' deh b&'ve', (Louis Philippe Joseph,) a French judge and religious writer, born at Dijon in 1736; died in 1822. Joly-Clerc, zho'le' klaiR, (Nicolas,) a French natu¬ ralist, wrote a number of works on botany. Died in 1817. Joly de Fleury, zho'le' deh fluh're', (Guillaume Francois,) a learned and eloquent French advocate and magistrate, was born in Paris in 1675. For more than twenty years he was attorney-general in the Parliament of Paris. He wrote several treatises on law. Died in 1756. Joly de Fleury, (Jean Francois,) a French financier, a son of the preceding, was born in 1718. He succeeded Necker as minister of finances in 1781, and resigned in 1783. Died in 1802. Joly de Fleury, (Jean Omer—o'maiR',) a French priest, nephew of Guillaume Franjois, noticed above. Died in 1755. Joly de Maizeroy. See Maizeroy. Jomard, zho'mtR', (Edme Francois,) a French archaeologist and geographer, born at Versailles in 1777. He accompanied the army to Egypt in 1798, returned in 1802, and was appointed secretary of the Egyptian commission. He contributed to the redaction of the great “Description of Egypt,” and, as imperial com¬ missary, directed the engraving and impression of the same for twenty years, (1807-26.) The portions of this work written by Jomard were published separately, with the title of “Observations on Ancient and Modern Egypt, or a Historical and Picturesque Description of its Monuments,” (4 vols., 1830.) He was a member of the Institute. Died in 1862. See “ Nouvelle Biographie G^n<5rale.” Jombert, zhoN'baiR', (Charles Antoine,) a French writer on art, born in Paris in 1712; died in 1784. Jomelli, yo-mel'lee, (Niccol6,) a celebrated Italian composer, born at Aversa, near Naples, in 1714. He studied under Feo, Leo, and Martini. His first opera, “L’Errore amoroso,” produced when he was twenty- three years of age, rendered him so famous that he was soon after invited to Rome, where he composed two more operas and was patronized by the Cardinal of York. In 1742 he went to Vienna, where he formed an intimate friendship with Metastasio and gave instruc¬ tions in music to the empress Maria Theresa. He was employed as musician or chapel-master in Saint Peter s at Rome from 1749 to 1754- The Duke ©f Wiirtemberg having invited him to enter his service as chapel-master to the court, Jomelli removed to Stuttgart, where he passed about seventeen years, (1754—7°-) P*e<^ at Naples in Aug ist, 1774. Among his best productions are operas entitled “ Didone,” (1745,) “ Eumene,” (1746,) “ Merope, (1747,) and “Ezio,” (1748,) several oratorios and masses, and a miserere for two voices. See Fins, “Biographie Universelle des Musiciens; Pietro Alfieri, “Notizie biografiche di N. Jomelli,’’ 184S>. Nome e Biographie Gihidrale;” Choron et Fayolle, Dictionnaire des Musiciens.” Jomini, zho'me'ne', (Henri,) Baron, an able general and eminent writer on strategy, was born at Payerne, in the Swiss Canton de Vaud, in 1779- He entered the French army, became aide-de-camp to Ney about 1804, and presented to Bonaparte on the field of Austerlitz his “Treatise on the Grand Operations of War.” A few days after this event he was appointed chief of the staff of Ney. He received the title of baron for his conduct at Jena in 1806, and was employed in Spain in 1808. In 1811 he became a general of brigade, and in 1812 French governor of Wilna. He contributed greatly to the victory of Bautzen in 1813. His promotion having been obstructed by the enmity of Berthier, he quitted the French service in 1813, and entered that of Russia, with the rank of lieutenant-general, and became aide-de- camp to the emperor Alexander. Died about April 1, 1869. Among his chief works are “Traite des grandes Operations militaires, ou Histoire critique et militaire des Guerresde Frederic II comparees a celles de la Revolu¬ tion,” (5 vols., 1805,) a “ Critical and Military History of the Campaigns of the Revolution from 1792 to 1801,” (15 vols., 1819-24,) and “Precis de l’Art de la Guerre,” (5th ed., 2 vols., 1838.) The works of Jomini are among the best that have ever been written on the art of war. See Pascal, “Observations sur la Vie et les Ouvrages de Baron Jomini;” Qu^rard, “ La France Litt^raire;” “Nouvelle Biogra- ohie G^ndrale “Monthly Review,” vol. xci., 1820, (Appendix.) Jon Areson. See Areson, (Jon.) Jon, du, (Francis.) See Junius. Jonee, yo'ni, (Peter,) Bishop of Strengnas, in Swe¬ den, was professor of theology at Upsal when John III. attempted to re-establish the Catholic religion. Jonae boldly opposed this proceeding. Died in 1607. JoTiah or Jo'nas, [Heb. njr; Gr. 'luvat; Lat. Jonas,]’ one of the minor Hebrew prophets, and the subject of the book bearing his name, is supposed to have lived under the reign of Jeroboam II., about 800 b.c. ; but some place him under that of Jehu. See II. Kings xiv. 25; Matthew xii. 39, 41 ; Luke xi. 29, 32. Jo'nah of Cor'dova, known also as Marinus, or Merinos, (in Arabic, Aboo-1 Waleed Merwan Ibn Janah,) an eminent Jewish rabbi, born at Cdrdova, Spain, about 990 A.D. He was a very able Hebrew lexi¬ cographer and grammarian, and his principal work, “ Kitab el Tanldh,” or “The Book of Minute Research,” is still highly valued. Jonas. See Jonah. Jonas, yo'nis, Jonae, yo'ni, or Jonsson, von'son, (Arngrim,) a learned historian, antiquary, and divine, born in Iceland about 1568, is said to have studied astronomy under Tycho Brahe. Most of his works relate to the history of Iceland. Died in 1648. Jonas, zho'nii', (Emile,) a French musical composer, of Jewish origin, born March 5, 1827. He produced “ Le Duel de Benjamin,” (1855,) “ Le Roi boit,” (1857,) « Les deux Arlequins,” (1865,) “ Le Canard a trois Bees, (1869,) and other operas-bouftes. Jonas, yo'n&s, (Justus,) an eminent German Re former and writer, born at Nordhausen in 1493. He became in 1521 professor of theology at Wittenberg He assisted Luther in the translation of the Old Tes tament, accompanied him to the Diet at Worms and at Augsburg, and had a share in the composition of the so-called Torgau Articles. He also translated a number of Luther’s works, and Melanchthon’s “Defence (Apol¬ ogy) of the Augsburg Confession,” from the Latin into German. Died in 1555- See P. Ekerman, “Vita et Acta Dr. J. Jonae,” Upsal, 1761; G. C Knapp, “ Narrntio de Justo Jona Theologo,” etc., 1817; Ersch und Gruber, “Allgemeine Encyklopaedie;” “Nouvelle Biographie Generate ;” L. Reinhard, “ Life of Justus Jonas,” (in Latin,) 1731. Jonas or Jonae, (Runolph,) a scholar and author, born in Iceland, graduated at Copenhagen, where he fixed his residence after 1649. He wrote “Elements of the Northern Languages,” and “ Rudiments of the Icelandic Grammar.” Died in 1654- Jon'a-tlian, [Heb. jfUin\] son of King Saul, and the most intimate friend of the psalmist David. The death of this prince, who fell with his father, near Mount Gilboa, while fighting the Philistines, furnished the subject of one of the most beautiful of David’s songs. See I. Samuel xviii., xix., xx. ; II. Samuel i. 17-27. Jon'athan Ap'phus, (af'fus,) a celebrated Jewish leader and high-priest, succeeded his elder brother, Judas