Volume 1

Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas.

  • Joseph Thomas
Date:
1911, ©1908
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    1420/1486 (page 1402)
    shed. The inhabitants feared to resist, as their capital lay exposed to the guns of Jorgenson’s vessel. Soon after his return to England he became very dissipated, and was finally convicted and transported to New South Wales, where he is supposed to have died. While in Newgate, before his transportation, he wrote a work en¬ titled “The Religion of Christ the Religion of Nature.” See Sir Wm. Hooker, “Tour in Iceland;” Skulason, “J[. Jiir- gensens Usurpation i Island,” 1832; Erslbw, “ Forfatter-Lexicon.” Jorissen, yo'rls-s^n, (Thomas Theodore Hen¬ drik,) a Dutch author, born at Utrecht, February 23, 1833. In 1865 he became professor of history at Am¬ sterdam. His principal writings are biographies, chiefly written in a historical spirit. He also wrote useful works on literary history. Jorisz, yoR'is, (Augustin,) a Dutch painter and en¬ graver, born at Delft in 1525 ; died in 1552. Jorisz, (David.) See David George. Jorjchiee, Jorjffni, or Djordjani, jor-jd'nee, (Saeed Shereef Zein-ed-Deen Abool Hassan, or Said Scherif Zein-ed-Din Abou’l Hassan, sd-eed' shSr- eef' zan (or zin) ed-deen' d'bool hds'san,) a renowned Arabian writer, born in Tagoo, (Tagou,) in the district of Asterabad and the region called Jorjan, in 1339. He was the author of numerous works, among which per¬ haps the most important is an extremely valuable dic¬ tionary, entitled “Tarafat,” (/.<?.“ Definitions.”) Jorjanee enjoyed the favour of the great conqueror Tamerlane. Died in 1413. Jor-nan'des or Jor-da'nes, a distinguished Gothic historian of the sixth century, was secretary to the Gothic kings of Italy. Having embraced Christianity, he was ordained Bishop of Ravenna in 552. The most important of his works is a “ History of the Goths” until the reign of Vitiges, who was conquered by Belisarius, (“ De Ge- tarum sive Gothorum, Origine et Rebus gestis.”) It was first printed at Augsburg in 1515, and is highly prized. He also wrote an abridgment of universal history, en¬ titled “De Regnorum et Temporum Successione.” See Vossius, “De Historicis Latinis;” Ersch und Gruber, “ Allgemeine EncyklopaedieD. W. Mollbr, “Disputatio Circu- laris de Jomande,” 1690. Jor'tin, (John,) D.D., an English divine and critic, of French extraction, born in London in 1698. Soon after graduating at Cambridge he settled in his native city, where he gained great distinction for his eloquence and learning. He was appointed Archdeacon of London in 1764. Of his works may be mentioned a volume of Latin Poems,” (1722,) which are classed among the most finished of the modern productions in that lan¬ guage, “Miscellaneous Observations on Authors, An¬ cient and Modern,” (2 vols., 1732,) “Remarks upon Ecclesiastical History,” (5 vols., 1751—73») and the “Life of Erasmus,” (1758.) Died in 1770. “Jortin’s sermons,” says Dr. Johnson, “ are very elegant.” See John Disney, “Life of Jortin,” 1792. Josaphat See Jehoshaphat. Jo'seph, [Heb. ^DV; Gr. ’Iucrijty; Lat. Jose'phus; It. Josef, yo-sSf'; Sp. Josef, Ho-s£f',] one of the twelve patriarchs, and the favourite son of Jacob, was born in Mesopotamia about 1900 b.c. At an early age, on ac¬ count of their jealousy, he was sold by his brothers to some Ishmaelitish merchants, who carried him as a slave into Egypt, over which kingdom he was subsequently appointed governor by Pharaoh. The descendants of hia sons Ephraim and Manasseh formed the two half-tribes, which exerted no little influence in the Hebrew nation. See Genesis xxxv.-l. Joseph [Ger. pron. yo'sSf] I., Emperor of Germany, of the house of Hapsburg, and son of Leopold I., was born in 1676. In 1687 he was proclaimed King of Hun¬ gary, and in 1690 King of the Romans. At the death of his father, in 1705, he ascended the imperial throne. He carried on a successful war against Louis XIV., in which he was assisted by England, Holland, and Savoy. The allied armies were commanded by Prince Eugene and the Duke of Marlborough. Joseph granted, through the influence (it is said) of Charles XII. of Sweden, nume¬ rous privileges to his Protestant subjects. Died in 1711. See G. Lange, “ Leben undThaten des Kaysers Joseph I.,” 1713; Franz Wagner, “Historia Josephi I. Csesaris Augusti,” 1745. Joseph II, Emperor of Germany, the eldest son of Francis of Lorraine and Maria Theresa of Austria, was born in Vienna in 1741. In 1764 he was elected King of the Romans, and in the following year succeeded his father on the throne of Germany. He married Isabella, a daughter of the Duke of Parma, in 1760, and Maria Josepha, a daughter of the emperor Charles VII., abdut 1764. In 1772 he signed, with the sovereigns of Russia and Prussia, the treaty by which Poland was divided between them. At the death of his mother, in 1780, he came into possession of Hungary and all the other hereditary dominions of the house of Austria. He united with Catherine of Russia, six years later, in a Turkish war, in which his general Laudon gained several important victories. During his reign he intro¬ duced many civil and ecclesiastical reforms, which would probably have been very beneficial to his subjects had he acted with more calmness and deliberation. He abolished feudal serfdom, regulated the taxes, allowed liberty of conscience and rights of citizenship to all denominations of Christians, mitigated the condition of the Jews, suppressed several convents, greatly abridged the power of the pope and clergy in his dominions, and encouraged manufactures and industry. But his zeal in correcting the abuses of the Roman Church caused an insurrection in Belgium; while his attempt to establish the German as the universal language in his dominions induced the Hungarians to revolt. He died, without issue, in February, 1790, and was succeeded by his brother, Leopold II. See Paganel, “Histoire de Joseph II,” 1843; F. X. Huber, “Geschichte Kaiser Joseph’s II.,” 2 vols., 1792; L. A. de Carac- cioli, “Vie de Joseph II, Empereur d’Allemagne,” 1790; Ignaz Cornova, “Leben Joseph II., Romischen Kaisers,” 1802; C. T. Heynb, “ Geschichte Kaiser Joseph’s II.,” 2 vols.,1848; Ramshorn, “ Kaiser Joseph II. und seine Zeit,” 1845. Joseph, Father, [It. Fra Giuseppe,] an Italian mis¬ sionary, whose family name was Sebastiani. He went to Persia, and obtained no little influence at the court of the Shah. He used his power in favour of the English interests and against those of the French. He was acquainted with several of the Oriental languages, and translated the works of the Persian poet Hifiz into Latin. Joseph, zho'zSff, (Franqois Leclerc du Trem¬ blay—dii tR&nVbl^',) called Father Joseph, a French monk, born in Paris in 1577, became the agent and confidant of Cardinal Richelieu, who employed him in negotiations and intrigues. Died in 1638. See AbbA Richard, “Vie du Pire Joseph,” 2 vols.; “Le veri¬ table P&re Joseph,” 1704; Richelieu, “ M^moires“Nouvello Biographie G^nerale.” Joseph of Exeter. See Iscanius. Joseph Al'bo, a Jew, distinguished for his learning, born at Sora, in Spam, in the fourteenth century. He was the author of a work on Jewish faith, entitled “ Se- pher Ikkarim.” Died in 1430. Joseph Ben Gorion. See Gorionides. Joseph Emanuel, [Port. Jozfi Manoel, zho-zi' mi- no-£l',J King of Portugal, born in 1714. In 1750 he suc¬ ceeded his father, John V. In 1755 his kingdom suffered from a great earthquake, which destroyed a large part of Lisbon and killed about sixty thousand persons. In 1758 an attempt was made to assassinate him, in which he was severely wounded. He discovered that the Jesuits were implicated in the plot, and immediately caused all against whom any evidence was brought to be executed. He also issued an edict by which all the Jesuits in Por¬ tugal were declared traitors. In 1762 he united with England in a war against France and Spain. He enacted several laws to encourage education and to advance religious toleration, and restricted the powers of the Inquisition. Died in 1777. See “Leben Joseph Emmanuels Konigs von Portugal,” Nurem¬ berg, 1778. Joseph Meir, (mdR,) a French Jew, born at Avignon in 1496. He wrote a work, in Hebrew, on the Kings of France and the Sultans of Turkey. Died in 1554. Josephe, the French of Josephus, which see. Josephine, jo'ze-feen', [Fr. pron. zho'zi'f&n',] origin¬ ally Marie Joseph Rose Tascher de la Pagerie, (tt'shd' deh It pizh're',) wife of Napoleon I. of France,