Volume 1

Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas.

  • Joseph Thomas
Date:
1911, ©1908
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    1425/1486 (page 1407)
    died in 1706. Among his works are “The Roman Em¬ press,” a comedy, and several English and Latin poems. See Bakes, “ Biographia Dramatica.” Jozd, zho-za', (Antonio,) a Portuguese Jew and cele¬ brated dramatist. He excelled in wit and sai casm, which, in one of his comedies, he directed against some of the Catholic ceremonies. He was soon after seized by the officers of the Inquisition, tortured, and finally burned at an auto-de-fe in 1745. Among the best of his comedies are “Esop” and “The Enchantments of Medea.” Jozd Manoel. See Joseph Emanuel. Juan, Don. See John, Don, of Austria. Juan, Hoo-iin', Don, natural son of Philip IV. of Spain and Maria Calderona, an actress, was born in Madrid in 1629. In 1647 he received the command of the Spanish army in Italy, where he took the city of Naples and gained many other advantages. Afterwards he was defeated by Turenne in the Netherlands, at the battle of Dunes, and compelled to evacuate the country. His brother, Charles II., subsequently made him prime minister. Died in 1679. See Sismondi, “Histoire des Frangais.” Juan de Santa Cruz. See Juan de Yepez. Juan de Yepez, Hoo-Sn' d& ya'p£th, or Juan de Santa Cruz, a saint of the Roman calendar, was born in Old Castile in 1542. He, with Saint Theresa, estab¬ lished the order of Barefooted Carmelites. Died in 1591. Juan y Santacilia, Hoo-ctn'e s3n-t&-thee'le-&,(Jorge,) Don, a celebrated Spanish mathematician and naval officer, was born at Orihuela, in Valencia, in 1712. He was sent about 1735, with several Spanish and French servants, to measure the degree of the meridian at the equator. He devoted much attention to naval archi¬ tecture. He wrote “Observations on Astronomy and Phy sics made in the Kingdom of Peru,” (5 vols., 1748,) ana a treatise on the construction of vessels, (2 vols., 1761.) Died in 1774. See La Condamine, “Journal du Voyage fait 4 1’lSquateur,” etc. Juana of Spain. See Joan. Juarez, joo-I'r§z, [Sp. pron. Hoo-i'rSth,] (Benito,) a Mexican statesman, born in Oajaca in 1806, and said to be of pure aboriginal stock. He studied law, was elected to Congress in 1846, and was Governor of Oa¬ jaca from 1848 to 1852. In 1853 he was banished by Santa Ana. He joined the party of Alvarez, who became president in 1855, and served under him as minister of justice. In 1857 he was appointed secretary of state by Comonfort, who was driven from power in January, 1858. Juarez was recognized as the successor of Comonfort by the Liberals, but was opposed by the clerical party in a long civil war. He was elected president about 1861, soon after which Mexico was invaded by a French army. Having gained several victories, the French took the city of Mexico in June, 1863, and Maximilian of Austria assumed the imperial power, under the patronage of Napoleon III. Juarez was reduced to a critical position, and his cause seemed desperate; but at length the French army was withdrawn in 1866, and the Liberals quickly recovered the ascendency. He was elected president again in October, 1867. Died July 18, 1872. Ju'ba [Gr. ’Ioftzf] I. succeeded his father, Hiempsal, on the throne of Numidia about 50 B.C. In the war between Caesar and Pompey he supported the cause of the latter, and gained a decisive victory over Curio, a lieutenant of Caesar. After Pompey’s defeat at Phar- salia, Juba continued to support his cause in Africa, and for some time held even Caesar in check. He was, how¬ ever, defeated by the dictator at the battle of Thapsus, and soon after killed himself, 42 B.C., in preference to gracing the triumph of the conqueror. His kingdom was reduced to a Roman province, of which the historian Sallust was appointed the first governor. See C^ksar, “ Bellum Civile ;** Dion Cassius, “ History of Rome;” Appian, “Bellum Civile.” Juba II., son of the preceding, was carried to Rome by Caesar, who gave him a liberal education. He served in the army of Augustus, from whom he received the kingdom of Mauritania about 30 B.C. He married Cle¬ opatra Selena, the daughter of the celebrated Cleopatra, Queen of Egypt, by Antony. Juba was distinguished for his learning, ability, and justice. He was the author of several works, written in Greek, upon various subjects. Pliny, Plutarch, Tacitus, and other historians mention his writings with just commendation. He died about 20 b.c. See Vossius, “ De Historicis Grzecis;” Eckhel, “Doctrina Nu- morum;” “Nouvelle Biographie G^n^rale.” Jubd, zhii'bi', (Auguste,) a French historian and general, born in 1765. He wrote a “Military Historj of the Wars of France from 1643 to 1815,” (2 vols.,) and other works. Died in 1824. Jub4, (Jacques,) a French Jansenist, born near Pari? in 1674; died in 1745. Jubinal, zhu'be'ntl', (Michel Louis Achille,) a French politician, born in Paris in 1810; died in 1875. Juda, zhii'dt', (L£on,) a French Protestant, born in Alsace in 1482, was the natural son of Jean Juda, a priest. In 1502, having formed a friendship with Zuin- glius, he was led to embrace the principles of the Re¬ formers, and became pastor of Saint Peter’s Church in Zurich. He was distinguished for his zeal in promoting the Reformation, both from his pulpit and by his pen. Died in 1542. He commenced a translation of the Old Testament into Latin, which was finished after his death, and was regarded by the Protestants, and even by many Catholic divines, as the best version extant. lie was the author of several religious works. See M. Adam, “Vitae Theologorum Germanorum Haag, “La France protestante.” Ju'dah, [IJeb. min1,] fourth son of Jacob, and one of the twelve Hebrew patriarchs, was born in Mesopo¬ tamia, b.c. 1755. When Joseph was thrown into the cave by his brethren, it was through Judah’s influence that they sold him to the Ishmaelites, instead of taking his life as they had previously intended. (Genesis xxxvii. 26.) Jacob, on his death-bed, foretold that Judah’s pos¬ terity would become the principal tribe of Israel, and also referred to the coming of the Messiah, who was to be his lineal descendant. (Genesis xlix. 8-12.) Ju'dah, (Henry M.,) an American general, born at Snow Hill, Maryland, about 1821, graduated at West Point in 1843, ar*d was a captain before the civil war began. He became a brigadier-general of Union volun¬ teers early in 1862, and commanded a division at Resaca, Georgia, May 15, 1864. Died January 14, 1866. Judah or Je-hu'dah Hak'ka-dosh', (or Hakka- dosch,) a learned Jewish rabbi, born in Galilee about 12D a.d. He is believed to have compiled, at the re¬ quest of the Roman emperor Marcus Antoninus, the Mishna, (Mischna,) which contains the various Jewish laws and institutions not found in the Old Testament. In a short time the Talmud was ranked among the sacred books of the nation, and it has since received ad¬ ditions from several learned rabbis. Died in 190 a.d. See Wolf, “ Bibliotheca Hebraica.” Ju'dah Hioog, (or Hioug,) he-oog', a Jewish rabbi and physician, who gained great distinction for his learn¬ ing and skill, was born at Fez, in Africa, and lived about 1040. He wrote several works (in Arabic) on the Hebrew language, and is now regarded by his nation as their first and perhaps their greatest grammarian. His name is sometimes written Judah Chiug. Judah Rav or Rab. See Ashe. Ju'das Is-car'I-pt, one of the twelve apostles chosen by Jesus. He betrayed his Master to the officers of the chief priests for thirty pieces of silver. Afterwards, being stung with remorse, he returned the money to the priests and “w7ent and hanged himself.” See Matthew x. 4, xxvi. 47-50, xxvii. 3-5; Mark xiv. 18-21, 43. Ju'das Le-vi'ta or Hal'le-vi, a learned Spanish Jew and poet, born in 1090 or 1080, wrote a work in Arabic in defence of the Jewish religion, entitled “ Sepher Hoc- cori,” which was translated into Hebrew, Latin, and Spanish. Died in 1140. Ju'das Maccabae'us, (mak-ka-bee'us,) [Gr. ’lovdac 6 i/Laiataftaios; Fr. Judas Machab£e, zhii'dSs' mi'kt'bi',] of the royal line of the Asmonaeans, became leader of the Jews upon the death of his father, Mattathias, B.C. 166. He conquered and cut in pieces several Syrian armies which had been sent against him by Antiochus, subdued the Idumeans, Ammonites, and other neighbouring na-