Volume 1

Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas.

  • Joseph Thomas
Date:
1911, ©1908
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    1431/1486 (page 1413)
    Junot, zhii'no', ( Andoche,) Due d’Abrant£s, a distin¬ guished French general, was born near Semur in 1771. At the age of twenty he enlisted as a common soldier, but, on account of his uncommon bravery, was soon made lieutenant. While serving at the siege of Toulon, he gained the approbation of Bonaparte, who made him his first aide-de-camp, with the rank of captain. He ac¬ companied that general on his Italian campaigns, and fought with his accustomed bravery at the battles of Lodi. Areola, Castiglione, and Lonato. During the invasion of Egypt and Syria he became the favourite of Bonaparte, and gained great distinction at the battle of Nazareth, where, with three hundred horsemen, he attacked and held in check a body of three thousand Moslems. After his return to France he rendered efficient service to Bonaparte in the subversion of the Directory. In 1800 he was appointed commandant of Paris, and afterwards governor of that city and colonel-general of hussars. He also received the decoration of the grand eagle of the legion of honour, and was sent as ambassador to Portugal. He took part in the battle of Austerlitz, in 1805. In 1807 he commanded an army which invaded Portugal and took Lisbon. He was soon afterwards created Due d’Abrant£s. In August, 1808, he was defeated by Sir Arthur Wellesley at Vimiera, and com¬ pelled to evacuate Portugal. The emperor then deprived him of the governorship of Paris, but appointed him Captain-General and Governor of the Illyrian provinces. His misfortunes and disgrace shortly after affected his mind so deeply that he was obliged to retire from public life. He died at Montbard in July, 1813. See Madame D’ABRANTfes, “ M£moires;” Thiers, “ Histoire du Consulatet de l’Empire;” Napoleon, “ Correspondance;” Alison, ‘History of Europe;” “ Nouvelle Biographie G^ndrale.” Junot,(Laure Permon,)Madame, Duchesse d’Abran- t£s, was born in Montpellier in 1784, and was married to General Junot about 1800. Her family was related to that of Bonaparte, to whom her mother had shown great kindness before he became a general. At her marriage Mademoiselle Permon received from the First Consul one hundred thousand francs as a marriage-portion. In 1806 she accompanied her husband to Lisbon, and in 1807 became Duchesse d’Abrantes. On the restora¬ tion of the Bourbons she was kindly received by Louis XVIII. She wrote, besides other works, “Memoir^ or Historical Souvenirs of Napoleon, the Revolution, the Directory, etc.,” (18 vols., 1831-34.) Died in 1838. See A. D. Roosmalen, “ Les demiers Moments de la Duchesse d’Abrant&s,” Paris, 1838; Ignazio Cant{j, “ Relazione della Du- chessa d’Abrant&s,” 1837; ‘‘Nouvelle Biographie G^n^rale.” Junquieres, de, deh zhuN'ke-aiR', (Jean Baptiste,) a French poet and officer, born at Paris in 1713; died in 1786. Junta or Junte, (Filippo.) See Giunta. Junta, (Tommaso,) a Venetian physician, flourished about 1550. He wrote a treatise “On the Battles of the Ancients,” which displays considerable erudition. Junte. See Giunta. Junterbuck, yoon't^r-book', (James,) a Polish writer, and professor of theology at Erfurt, was born about 1385 ; died in 1465. He wrote various works, among which is a “Tract on Mental Apparitions.” Ju'pi-ter or Jup'pi-t^r, [Fr. pron. zhii'pe'taiR'; It. Giove, jo'vi, whence the English Jove,*] the supreme deity of the Roman mythology, corresponding to the Greek Zeus, and represented as the eldest son of Saturn and Rhea. He was the greatest of all the gods of the classic mythology, and was supposed to control all earthly and human affairs and to foresee futurity. The Romans ascribed to him power over all changes in the sky, and the phenomena of rain and lightning, and hence applied to him the epithets of “ Pluvius,” (“ rainy,” or “ raining,”) “Torans,”(“thundering,”)“Fulminator,”(“thunderer,’) etc. As presiding over marriage, he is sometimes called Gamelius; and as the protector of the rights of hospi¬ tality, he was invoked as Jupiter Hospitalis. He was sometimes called Jupiter Capitolinus, because his tem- * Or, to speak more accurately, both the Italian and English are derived from Jovis, the Latin genitive case of Jupiter I he German, Spanish, and Portuguese names for Jupiter, in spelling and accen¬ tuation, are the same as the Latin. € as k; 5 as s; g hard; g as j; G, H, K, guttural; N, nasal; R, 1 pie at Rome stood on the Capitol. He was the father of Apollo, Mars, Mercury, Minerva, Venus, etc Ac¬ cording to the Greek mythology, he kept his court on Olympus. His most famous Greek temple was at Olympia, in Elis. He is usually represented as seated on a throne, with a thunderbolt in his right hand, in his left a sceptre, and near him his favourite bird the eagle. The name Jupiter (who was also called Diespiter) is probably Diu-pater, (or Diovis pater,) (“father of the heavens,” or “ heavenly father.”) Dium, Divum, and Dies originally signified the same,—viz., the “sky” or “ heaven.” The Vedic dyaus pitar, and the Greek Zeus Pater or Zeu Pater, (t.e. “ father Zeus,”) are etymologically the same as Jupiter. Respecting the probable identity, or close parallelism, between Jupiter (or Zeus) and the Hindoo god Siva, see Siva. See Smith, “Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology;” Guigniaut, “Religions de l’Antiquite,” vol. ii. chap, i.; Keightley, “ Mythology.” Juppin, zhu'plN', (Jean Baptiste,) a Flemish land¬ scape-painter, born at Namur in 1678. He studied in Brussels, and afterwards visited Italy. Among his works is the “ Crater of Vesuvius.” Died in 1729. Juret, zhu'r£', (Francois,) a French critic and poet, born at Dijon in 1553, became canon of Langres. He published “ Senecae ad Lucilium Epistolarum Liber,” (1602,) and “Panegyrici Veteres cum Notis,” (2 vols., 1652.) Died in 1626. Jurieu, zhii'r^-uh', (Pierre,) a learned French theo¬ logian and controversialist, was born at Mer, in Orleanais, in 1637. He became pastor of a Protestant congregation in Mer after he had studied at Saumur and Sedan. He was subsequently appointed professor of theology and Hebrew at Sedan. On the revocation of the edict of Nantes, in 1685, he retired to Rotterdam, where he was appointed professor of theology. He wrote numerous religious works, among which are a “ History of Cal¬ vinism and Popery compared,” (1682,) and a “Critical History of Doctrine and Worship, Good and Bad,” (1704,) both in French. Died in 1713. Ju'rin, (James,) an English physician and philosopher, was born in 1684, and was educated at Cambridge. He was elected a member of the Royal Society, of which he became secretary, and was chosen president of the College of Physicians. He wrote several treatises on philosophy ana physiology. Died in 1750. Jusserand, (Jean Audrien,) a French author, born at Lyons in 1855. His principal works are “The English in the Middle Ages,” (1884,) “The English Novel,” (1886,) and “ The Novel at the Time of Shakespeare,” (1888.) Jussieu, jus-su', de, [French pron. deh zhii'se-uh',] (Adrien,) a celebrated French botanist, son of Antoine Laurent, noticed below, was born in Paris, December 23, 1797. He gained the first prize at the competition of 1814, and applied himself to the study of natural history and medicine. He succeeded his father as professor of rural botany in the Museum of Natural History in 1826, and was admitted to the Institute in 1831. He published a series of memoirs and monographs which have placed him in the first rank of botanists. Among his best works are a “Monograph of the Malpighiaceae,” (1843,) and an “Elementary Course of Botany,” which has been translated into all the languages of Europe. In 1845 he became professor of vegetable organography to the Faculte des Sciences. Died in June, 1853. Jussieu, de, (Alexis,) a French journalist and ad¬ ministrator, born in 1797, was a nephew of the great botanist Antoine Laurent. He was prefect of Ain and of Vienne in the reign of Louis Philippe. Died in 1865. Jussieu, de, (Antoine,) professor of botany in the Royal Garden of Paris, was born at Lyons in 1686. He travelled in France, Spain, and Italy for the purpose of making botanical explorations, succeeded Tournefort as professor of botany in 1708, and was the author of several treatises on that science. He published a new edition of Tournefort’s “Institutions.” Died in 1758. See “Nouvelle Biographie G^n^rale.” Jussieu, de,( Antoine Laurent,) a celebrated French botanist, born at Lyons in April, 17J8, was the most -tiled; s as z; th as in this. (Jljr^See Explanations, p. 23.)