Volume 1

Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas.

  • Joseph Thomas
Date:
1911, ©1908
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    1434/1486 (page 1416)
    &y making him the prefect of a legion in Egypt, where ne is said to have died about a.d. 125. Sixteen of his satires have been preserved. Several translations of them have been made ,'nto English, of which the most prominent are those of Dryden and Gifford. In these satires Juvenal severely ashes the prevailing vices cf his time , but it may well lv doubted whether his vivid pictures of the licentiousness of that age do not tend to fan those very passions whicn they seem intended to restrain. He was distinguished for his force of intellect, his flow of language, and his never-failing wit. “Juvenal gives me,” says Dryden, “ as much pleasure as I can bear. He fully satisfies expectation ; he treats his sub¬ ject home. . . . When he gives over, ’tis a sign that the subject is exhausted, and that the wit of man can carry it no further.” His works, differing equally from the austere moral dialogues of Persius and the genial raillery of Horace, are rhetorical rather than poetical. They are brilliant and sonorous declamations, and master-pieces of denunciation. “Magnificent versification,” says Macaulay, “and in¬ genious combinations rarely harmonize with the expres¬ sion of deep feeling. In Juvenal and Dryden alone we have the sparkle and the heat together. Those great satirists succeeded in communicating the fervour of their feelings to materials the most incombustible, and kindled the whole mass into a blaze at once dazzling and destruc¬ tive.” (“ Essay on Dryden.”) Among the best editions of Juvenal is that of Ruperti, (Leipsic, 2 vols., 1801,) to wrhich are prefixed all the ancient documents for the biography of the satirist. See J. V. Franckh, “ Examen critieum D. J. Juvenalis Vitae,” 1820, and “ Programma de Vita D. J. Juvenalis Questio altera,” 1827; V6lker, “Juvenal, Lebens- und Charakterbild,” 1851; Bauer, “ Kritische Bemerkungen iiber einige Nachrichten aus dem Leben Juvenals.” 1833; Bahr, “Geschichte der Romischen Litteratur.” Juvenal, zhiiv'ntl', (Gui Jouvenneaux, zhoo'v&'no', or Jouennaux, zhoo'4'no',) a French philologist and ecclesiastic, born about 1460, was educated at Paris. Among his works are “Commentaries on the Comedies of Terence,” and “ Monastic Reformations Vindicated.” Died in 1505. Juvenal des Ursins. See Ursins. Ju-ven'cus, (Ca'ius Vec'tius (vSk'she-us) Aquili'- nus,) one of the earliest Christian poets, was born in Spain about 330 a.d. His principal production is tho “Life of Christ,” written in Latin poetry and taken lite¬ rally from the four Evangelists. See A. R. Gebser, “Dissertatio de C. V. A. Juvenci Vita et Scriptis,” 1827; Ersch und Gruber, “ Allgemeine Encyklopaedie.” Juvenel, zhiiv'nll', (F£lix,) a French historical writer, born at Pezenas in 1669, published “Principles of His¬ tory.” Died in 1760. Juvigny. See Rigoley de Juvigny. Jiix'pn, (William,) Archbishop of Canterbury, born in Chichester in 1582, graduated at Oxford. In 1621 he was appointed president of Saint John’s College, and afterwards received various offices in the Church through the patronage of Archbishop Laud. In 1633 he was successively raised to the sees of Hereford and London. Two years later he was appointed by Charles I. lord high treasurer of England. For about six years he ful¬ filled the duties of this station with so much justice and ability that, although great hostility was excited that an ecclesiastic should be chosen to that office, no charges were made against his administration. He remained with Charles through his trial, and accompanied him to the scaffold, where he received the dying injunctions of that monarch. On the restoration he was raised to the see of Canterbury. Died in 1663. (See “Memoirs of Juxon and his Times,” 1869.) K. Kaab, ki'ab, a distinguished Arabian poet, who flour¬ ished about 650 a.d. He was at first a bitter enemy of Mohammed; but afterwards, becoming reconciled to him, he wrote a poem, which is regarded as the most beautiful of the eulogiums addressed to the founder of the Moslem faith. The prophet was so much pleased that he gave Kaab his green mantle. The poem was hung up in the Temple of Mecca. Kaab died in 662 a.d. See D’Herbelot, “ Biblioth&que Orientale.” Kaas, kis, [Lat Kaa'sius,] (Nikolaus,) a Danish statesman, born in 1535, and educated in Germany, where he studied theology under Melanchthon. In 1573 he was appointed chancellor of Denmark, and in 1588 be¬ came first regent of the kingdom during the minority of Christian I. He performed the duties of that office with commendable ability and patriotism. Died in 1594. Kaas actively promoted the cause of education. See Hofmann, “ Portraits historiques des Hommes c41£bres du Danemarck ;” Folder, “ Exegesis Virtutum et Rerum gestarum N. Kaasii,” 1580; P. J. Winstrup, “Ligpraediken over N. Kaas,” 1594; J. Calundanus, “Descriptio Vitae N. Kaasii,” 1637. Kaasins. See Kaas. Kaau-Boerhaave, kow booR'hi'v$h, (Abram,) a Dutch physician, and nephew of Herman Boerhaave, was burn at the Hague in 1713, and educated at Leyden. In 1740 he was invited to Saint Petersburg, where he became councillor of state, and in 1748 first physician to the imperial court. Died at Moscow in 1753. Kabbete, kib'beh-t?h, (Jan,) a Dutch landscape- painter. Some of his pictures were engraved by Perelle. Died in 1660. Kabel, van der, vtn der ki'bel, (Adriaan,) a Dutch landscape-painter and engraver, born at Riswyckin 1631. His designs were natural and vigorous. Died in 1695. See Pilkington, “ Dictionary of Painters.” Kabir, ki-beeR', an East Indian (Hindee) writer, of Benares, who probably lived in the fifteenth century of our era. He was of the weaver caste, and of the Vaish- nava sect, though bred a Mussulman. A very great number of works are ascribed to him. His writings are religious, and to some extent philosophical, teaching a sort of pantheism. Kabus or Kabous. See Caboos. Kadlubek, kid-loo'b£k, (Vincent,) sometimes writ¬ ten Kodlubko or Kalubko, a Polish historian and prelate, was born in Galicia. In 1208 he was raised to the see of Cracow. Died in 1223. He wrote a valuable and accurate history of Poland to the year 1202. See Ossolinski, “ V. Kadlubek, ein historisch-kritischer Beitrag,” etc., 1822. Kaempfer. See Kampfer. Kaestner. See Kastner. Kager, ki'ger, (Johann Matthias,) a German painter of history, born at Munich in 1566; died at Augsburg in 1634. Kahle, ki'leh, (Ludwig Martin,) a German philos¬ opher and jurist, born at Magdeburg in 1712. Among his works is “The Balance of Europe,” (“De Trutina Europse,” 1744.) Died in 1775. Kahler, k&'ler, (Johann,) a German Lutheran divine, born at Wolmar, Hesse-Cassel, in 1649, was a Cartesian in philosophy, and wrote several works. Died in 1727. Kahnis, ki'nis, (Karl Friedrich August,) a Ger¬ man theologian, born at Greitz in 1814. He studied under Tholuck, and became professor of theology at Leipsic in 1850. He published a valuable work, entitled “ Lutherische Dogmatik,” (2 vols., 1861-68,) also, “ Chris- tenthum und Philosophic,” (1884,) etc. Died in 1888. Kaianian or Caianian, ki-a'ne-an, the name of the most celebrated of all the ancient Persian dynasties, so called from its founder, ICai-Kobad, who, according to the Persian legends, was placed on the throne by the famous hero and conqueror Roostum, (or Rustem.) Of this dynasty, Cyrus the Great (called by the Persians Kai-Khosroo or Kai-Khosrau, Kos-row') was the chief ornament and glory. (See Cyrus.) Darius the Younger, conquered by Alexander the Great, was the last of the Kaianian kings. See Atkinson, “ Abridgment of the Shah Nameh of Fiidansi, London, 1832; “A Short History of Persia,” in vol. v. of Sir W. Jones’s Works.