Volume 1

Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas.

  • Joseph Thomas
Date:
1911, ©1908
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    1435/1486 (page 1417)
    KAI-KAOOS KALIDASA Kai-Kdoos, (-Kctfls or -Kaous,) ki ki'oos', an an¬ cient king of Persia, (or Iran,) was the son of Kai-Kobad. His general, the famous Roostum, carried on successful wars against the Kings of Tfirin. Sir William Jones places the date of this prince’s accession at b.c. 610. Kai-Kaoos is said to have founded an observatory in Babylon. He was succeeded by his grandson, Kai-Khos- roo, (Cyrus the Great.) See Mirkhond, “Raouset;” Atkinson, “Abridgment of the Shfth Nameh.” Kai-Kaoos, (-Kclfls or -Kaous,) ki kudos', I., seventh Sultan of the dynasty of the Seijookides of Anatolia, succeeded his father, Kai-Khosroo, about a.d. 1210. He was engaged in wars with the Grecian em¬ peror and several of the neighbouring princes. Died in 1219, and was succeeded by his brother, Kai-Kobad Ala-ed-Deen, (Ala-eddin.) See Fbrishta, “History.” Kai-Kaoos (or -Kalis) II., Azzed-ed-Deen, (Az- zed-Eddin,) dz'zed ed-deen', succeeded his father, Kai-Khosroo II., in the sovereignty of Anatolia, about A.D. 1244. His reign was occupied by long wars with his brother, Kilij-Arslan, and with the Grand Khan of Tartary. Died in 1278. Kai-Khosroo. See Cyrus. Kai-Khosroo (-Khosrou) the Elder. See Cyrus. Kai-Khos'roo/1., sixth Sultan of the dynasty of the Seijookides, became sovereign of Anatolia a.d. 1192. He was killed in battle in 1210 by Theodore Lascaris, Emperor of Constantinople. Kai-Khosroo II. succeeded his father, Kai-Kob&d Ala-ed-Deen, (Ala-eddin,) on the throne of Anatolia in 1237. In 1244 he was defeated by the Tartars, and was compelled to become a tributary to their grand khan. He died the same year. Kai-Khosroo III., twelfth of the dynasty of the Seijookides, became Sultan about 1266. Died in 1283. Kailfisa or Cailasa, kl-li'sa, called in the common dialect Kailas, kl-lSs', the name of a very high mountain- eak near the northern extremity of India, supposed to e the favourite abode of Siva and P&rvati. (See Siva.) Kain. See Le Kain. Kain, (John Joseph,) D.D., an American bishop, born at Martinsburg, West Virginia, May 31, 1841. He graduated at Saint Charles College, Maryland, in 1862, studied at Saint Mary’s Seminary, Baltimore, was or¬ dained a Catholic priest in 1866, and in 1875 was conse¬ crated Archbishop of St. Louis. Died October 13,19°3* Kaiook, Kaiuk, or Kaiouk, kl-ook', a grandson of Jengis Khan, was proclaimed Grand Khan of Tartary in 1246. This prince granted numerous privileges to the Christians of his dominions. He died in 1248, as he was raising an immense army for the invasion of Europe. Kairis, ka'ris, (Theophilos,) a Greek ecclesiastic, born in the island of Andros in 1780. In 1839 he was banished by the Synod of Athens to a cloister for having taught deism. He wrote a burlesque on the prayers of the Christian Church. In 1852 he was sent to prison, where he died in 1853. Kaiser, (Frederik,) a Dutch astronomer, born at Amsterdam, June 10, 1808. He published “The Starry Heavens,” (“ De Sterrenhemel,” 1843,) and other works, and became a professor in Leyden. Died July 28, 1872. Kaiser, ki'zer, (Friedrich,) a German engraver, born at Ulm in 1775, worked in Vienna. Died in 1819. Kaiser, (Friedrich,) an Austrian dramatist, born at Bibrach, April 3, 1814; died November 7, 1874. Ka'kig I., King of Armenia, of the dynasty of Pagrat- ides, succeeded his brother, Sempad II., in 989. Kakig assumed the surname Shahan-Shah, (“ King of kings.”) In 998 he assisted David, a Georgian prince, to defeat the Mohammedans under Mamloon the Ameer. Died in 1020. K&la, ki'la, or K<U, a Sanscrit word, signifying “ time,” [from k&l,* to “count” or “reckon,”] and forming one of the many names of the destroying god Siva, (which see.) Kalakaua, kal'a-kow'a, (David,) King of the Ha¬ waiian Islands, was born at Honolulu, November 16, * This word is related etymologically to the middle syllable of the Latin “ interca/aris,” denoting the reckoning of a day or space at time between other days. The word “kalends” is not improbably from the same root 1836. On the failure of heirs to the former royal house at the death of King Lunalilo in 1874, he was elected to the succession, his claim being based upon a remote descent, through the female line, from one of the old royal families of the kingdom. He visited the United States and Europe in the year of his accession, and again in later years. Died January 20, 1891. KzHanfiga. See KAliya. Kalaun or Kalaoun. See KelAoon. Kalb, de. See De Kalb. Kalbeck, kill'bSk, (Max,) a German poet, born at Breslau, January 4, 1850. He became a journalist and art-critic in Vienna. He has published several volumes of lyric poems, remarkable for delicacy of finish and for their richly musical quality. Kalckreuth.von, fon k&lk'roit', (Friedrich Adolf,) Count, born at Sangerhausen, in Prussia, in 1737, served in the war of the Bavarian succession, and afterwards in the campaigns of Holland and France. For his gallant defence of Dantzic against the French, in 1807, he was made field-marshal. In July, 1807, he concluded with Talleyrand a treaty of peace between Prussia and France. Died in 1818. See L. G. Michaud, Notices historicities sur le Mar^chal Jour- dan et les G&i^raux Kalckreuth et Kilmame.” Kaldi, kdl'dee, (George,) a learned and eloquent Hungarian Jesuit, born in Timau about 1572, was pro¬ fessor of theology at Ohniitz. Died at Presburg in 1634. He translated the Bible into the Hungarian language. Kale. See Kalf. Kalee. See KAlI. Ka'ler, (James Otis,) an American author, born at Winterport, Maine, March 19, 1846, for some years was engaged in journalism in Boston and New York. He is author of several highly successful tales for the young, including “Toby Tyler,” “Mr. Stubbs’s Brother,” “Old Ben,” “Tim and Tip,” “Raising the Pearl,” etc., pub¬ lished under the name of “James Otis.” Kalergis, ki-lSR'gis, (Demetrius,) a Greek general and politician, born in Taganrog about 1802. He fought for independence against the Turks. About 1843 be¬ came a general, and governor of Athens. He was min¬ ister of war for about two years, (1854-56.) Died in 1867. Kalf, k&lf, written also Kale, (Wilhelm,) a distin¬ guished Dutch painter of still life, born in Amsterdam in 1630. He especially excelled in painting fruit, gold and silver vessels, gems, crystals, etc. Died in 1693. KeLli or Kalee, ki'lee, the feminine of Kfila, (a name of Siva,) forming the common appellation of Siva’s con¬ sort in her destroying character. She is often called Mahi Kali, (ma-hi' kd'lee,) or the “Great Kali,” and Bhadra (b’hud'ra) Kali, (from Bhadra, one of the many appellations of Siva,) and various other names. She is represented sometimes with four and sometimes with eight hands, and her person is decorated with a necklace of human skulls. Her images are usually painted black or of a dark colour. In her character of Maha Kali she sometimes represents eternity. (See Coleman’s “My¬ thology of the Hindoos,” p. 91.) As active or militant virtue, she is called Durga; in her ordinary and more peaceful character she is known as Parvati, (i.e. the “ mountain goddess,” in allusion to her dwelling on the inaccessible heights of the Himalayas,) or as Devi, (da'- vee,) which signifies the “ goddess” par excellence. (See Durga, and ParvatI) Kfilldfisa, Cfilldfisa, ka'lT-dVsa, or Kalidasas, called “ the Shakspeare of India,” the most illustrious of Hindoo poets, is supposed by some to have lived about 50 b.c., by others about 250 a.d. or even later. Tradition says that he lived under the magnificent reign of Vikramaditya I. He was the author of several dramas, of which the most celebrated, “ Sakdontala,” (or “ Sakon- tala,”) was first made known to the nations of the West through the prose translation of Sir William Jones. The appearance of this remarkable production excited a deep interest and general admiration among the critics of Europe. Of its author, Alexander Humboldt observes, “ Tenderness in the expression of feeling, and richness of creative fancy, have assigned to him his lofty place among the poets of all nations.” Goethe expresses tm admiration in a still higher strain :