Volume 1

Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas.

  • Joseph Thomas
Date:
1911, ©1908
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    1454/1486 (page 1436)
    Justinian, who paid the Persian monarch ten thousand poun Is of gold. He afterwards carried on wars with various Asiatic nations, extending his empire as far as the Indus. Alarmed at the successes of Belisarius in Italy and Africa, he resolved to strike a sudden blow. In 540 he invaded Syria, pillaged and burned several cities, including Antioch, and took a multitude of pris¬ oners and an immense amount of booty. The next year he was opposed by Belisarius, one of the greatest gene¬ rals of that or of any age. The Roman commander, with a small number of ill-disciplined soldiers, succeeded in holding in check the innumerable hosts of Persia. But in 542 this great general was recalled, and Khosroo, having now nothing to fear, went from victory to victory. The war continued until 562, when Justinian purchased a treaty for thirty thousand pieces of gold. Hostilities were again renewed under the emperor Justin, and the King of Persia met at length with a total defeat, in 578, from Justinian, the general of the emperor Tiberius. Khosroo died in 579. The long and beneficent reign of this prince is mentioned by Oriental poets as the golden age of Persia. His virtues, his wise and efficient meas¬ ures for the welfare of his subjects, his conquests, his liberal encouragement of literature and science, attested by the numerous colleges and libraries which he founded, all rendered it worthy of this eminent distinction. A Pehlvi translation of the celebrated Bidpay or Pilpay Fables of India was made under the auspices of this prince. He was succeeded by Hormisdas IV. See Gibbon, “ Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire;” Mirk- hond, “Histoire des Sassanides,” translated by De Sacy; D’Her- belot, “ Biblioth&que Orientale,” article “ Nouschirvan.” Khosroo, Khosru, or Khosrau (or Chosroes) II,, surnamed Parveez or ParwIz, par'veez', i.e. the “ Gene¬ rous,” son of Hormisdas IV., and grandson of Khosroo I., was raised to the throne of Persia upon the deposition of his father, A.D. 590. He was soon after driven from his capital by the rebel Bahram, and obliged to seek the protection of Maurice, the Emperor of the East. This sovereign, with a powerful army, overthrew the rebels and reinstated Khosroo. In 602 Maurice was assassin¬ ated by the usurper Phocas. Khosroo immediately took up arms to avenge his death, and by a series of victories in a few years subjugated the greater part of the Greek empire, and at length appeared before the gates of Con¬ stantinople. Heraclius, the successor of Phocas, having vainly attempted to obtain a favourable peace, resolved nravely to meet his foe in the field. He gained repeated victories, and in five years drove the Persians out of every province which they had wrested from the empire. Khosroo was assassinated in 628. He had married a Christian lady named Shereen, (Shirin,) distinguished for her exquisite beauty. She poisoned herself at his grave. The romantic and unchanging affection of these royal lovers, together with their tragic end, has furnished the Bubject of many an Oriental poem. See Malcolm, “History of Persia;” Le Beau, “Histoire du Bas-Empire.” Khosroo, Khosrou, or Khosru I., King of Armenia, Burnamed the Great, a brave prince and able general, ascended the throne 198 a.d. He conquered the nations of the Khazars and Basiliens, and overran the greater part of the Persian dominions. He was assassinated in 232. Khosroo, Khosrou, or Khosru IL, the second Christian King of Armenia, and a contemporary and ally of Constantine the Great, ascended the throne in 314. Died in 325. Khosroo, Khosrou, or Khosru IIL was placed upon the throne of Persian Armenia by the King of Persia in 387, whilst the legitimate king Arsaces ruled that part of Armenia which belonged to the Romans. Khosroo gained several important victories over the neighbouring nations, and upon the death of Arsaces annexed Roman Armenia to his own dominions. In 392 the King of Persia, suspecting Khosroo of the design to render himself independent, took him prisoner, and placed another prince on his throne. After remaining in captivity twenty-one years, he was restored to his kingdom. His death occurred soon after. See La Beau, “Histoire du Bas-Empire.” Khoung-Fou-Tseu or Khoung-Tseu. See Con¬ fucius. Kliowarezmi. See Al-Khowarezmi. Kliulleel. See Khaleel. Khuns, khoons, a god of the ancient Egyptians, was the son of Amen (Ammon) and Mut. He was the moon- god. _ Kick, kik, (Cornelis,) an artist, celebrated as a painter of flowers and portraits, was born in Amsterdam in 1635; died in 1675. Kidd, (Benjamin,) an English author, born in 1858. He entered the Inland Revenue department in 1877 and resigned in 1897. His “Social Evolution,” (1894,) attracted wide attention, and has been fre¬ quently reprinted and translated. It was followed by “ The Control of the Tropics,” (1898.) Kidd, (John,) an English chemist, born in 1775, was professor of chemistry, or medicine, at Oxford. He wrote, besides other works, the Bridgewater Treatise “On the Adaptation of External Nature to the Physical Condition of Man.” Died in 1851. Kidd, (Samuel,) an English Orientalist, born at Hull in 1801. He went as missionary to Malacca, and after his return was professor of Chinese in the University of London. He published “Illustrations of the Symbols of China,” (1841.) Died in 1843. Kidd, (William,) a pirate, oorn in Scotland about 1650. He is known to local tradition as Robert Kidd. In 1696 he was intrusted by the British government with the command of a privateer, and sailed from New York for the purpose of suppressing the numerous pirates then infesting the seas. He went'to the East Indies, where it was believed that he began a career of piracy. He was arrested at Boston in 1699, and a large amount of his plunder was afterwards recovered. He was soon sent to England for trial, and was executed in 1701. Kid'd^r, ( Daniel Parish, ) D.D., an American Methodist clergyman, born in Genesee county, New York, in 1815. He graduated at the Wesleyan Uni¬ versity, Connecticut, and in 1836 settled as a pastor at Rochester, New York. In 1837 he went as a missionary to Brazil, where he introduced the Scriptures in the Portuguese language. He published, besides other works, “ Sketches of a Residence and Travels in Bra¬ zil,” (1845.) Died in 1891. Kid'der, (Richard,) a learned English theologian, entered Cambridge University in 1649, and, after various preferments, was appointed Dean of Peterborough in 1689. He was raised by William III. to the see of Bath and Wells in 1691, as successor to Bishop Ken. He wrote “A Commentary on the Pentateuch,” a “Demonstration of the Messias,” and several other works. Died in 1703. See Macaulay, “ History of England,” vol. v. Kid'd^r-miiTstfr or Kyd'^r-myn'ster, (Rich¬ ard,) an English monk, distinguished as a preacher and scholar, was born in Worcestershire. He published a Latin treatise against the doctrines of Luther. Died in 1531. Kief'f^r, (Moses,) D.D., an American divine, was born near Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, May 5, 1814. He graduated at Marshall College in 1838, was ordained to the ministry of the German Reformed Church in 1839, and held various successful pastorates. He was president of Heidelberg College, and professor in the theological school at Tiffin, Ohio, 1855-64, and retained the professorship until 1867. He afterwards held an honorary professorship at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. Kiel, (Cornelis van.) See Kilian. Kiel, keel, (Friedrich,) a Prussian musician and composer, born at Puderbach, on the Lahn, October 7, 1821. He is a professor of music at Berlin. Kiel ranks as one of the ablest contrapuntists of the present century. His “ Canons and Fugues,” his “Missa Solemnis,” (1866,) and his “Requiem,” (1862,) are excellent. |D. in 1885.] Kielhorn, keel'hoRn, (Franz Lorenz,) a German Sanscrit scholar, born at Osnaburg, May 31, 1840. He studied at Gottingen, Breslau, London, Berlin, and Ox¬ ford. In 1866 he was appointed professor of Sanscrit in the Deccan College at Poonah, and in 1882 he became professor at Gottingen. Besides editions and translations of various texts, he published a “Sanscrit Grammar,” (1870; 2d edition, 1880.)