Volume 1

Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas.

  • Joseph Thomas
Date:
1911, ©1908
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Universal pronouncing dictionary of biography and mythology / by Joseph Thomas. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    1462/1486 (page 1444)
    K1UFERL1 1849-534 He was married about 1833. He died at Cannstadt, Wurtemberg, in 1854. See J. E. Ryland, “Memoirs of John Kitto,” 1856; “Brief Biographies,” by Samuel Smiles; “North British Review” fo* February, 1847. Kiuperli. See KCprili. Kj oping or Kjoeping, cho'ping, (Nikolaus Mat- son,) a Swedish traveller, born in 1630. In 1648 he sailed to the East Indies, and afterwards visited Persia, Farther India, Arabia, and Egypt. An account of his travels was published after his death. Died in 1667. Klaczko, klitch'ko, (Julian,) a distinguished publi¬ cist, born at Wilna, in Russian Lithuania, November 6, 1828. He graduated in 1846 at Konigsberg, after which time he lived in Germany, Italy, and Austria, but chiefly at Paris. Among his principal books are “ fitudes de Diplomatic,” (1866,) and “ Les deux Chanceliers,” which was translated into various languages. He also wrote “La Po^sie polonaise,” (1862.) Klapka, klop'koh, (General George,) born at Te- mesv&r, in Hungary, in 1820. He became a cadet in an artillery regiment about 1838, and lieutenant-colonel in 1847. In 1848 he joined the Hungarian revolutionists, and greatly distinguished himself by his daring courage and his ability as a commander. He soon after received a general’s commission and was appointed secretary of war. In 1849, while defending the fortress of Comorn, he made a sally at midnight, totally routed the Austrian army, and took several pieces of artillery. He forced his enemies to evacuate Raab, and cut ofTtheir commu¬ nication with Austria. A few days after he received the information that the Hungarian army in the South had surrendered to the Austrians, and also a command from Gorgey to yield up the fortress of Comorn. This man¬ date General Klapka refused to obey; but two months later, having obtained honourable terms from Haynau, he capitulated and went into exile. He strove unsuccess¬ fully to bring about a revolution in Hungary in 1866. He wrote “Memoirs of the War of Independence in Hun¬ gary,” (1850,) and a work upon the war in the East and the siege of Sebastopol, (1855.) Died May 17, 1892. Klaproth, klip'rot, sometimes Anglicised in pronun¬ ciation as klap'rflth, (Heinrich Julius,) an eminent German Orientalist and traveller, born at Berlin, October 11, 1783, was a son of Martin H. Klaproth, noticed below. At an early age he acquired, without a teacher, consid¬ erable knowledge of the Chinese language, and in 1802 founded the “ Asiatisches Magazin” at Weimar. On the recommendation of Count Potocki, he was invited in 1805 to Saint Petersburg, where he was made adjunct for the Oriental languages and literature at the Academy of Sciences. In the capacity of interpreter to the Russian embassy to China, he travelled through Siberia as far as Iikootsk in 1805, and collected valuable books and docu¬ ments, which he used in the composition of his “ Asia Polyglotta.” In 1807 he was sent by the Russian govern¬ ment on a scientific expedition to the Caucasus, and on his return, in 1809, was appointed aulic councillor, and received a title of nobility and other distinctions. He resigned his offices in Russia in 1812. In 1816, through the influence of William von Humboldt, Klaproth re¬ ceived from the King of Prussia the honorary title of professor of Oriental languages and literature at Berlin, together with a large pension, and permission to reside in Paris. Among his numerous works we may mention “Travels in the Caucasus and Georgia,” (2 vols., 1812- 14,) “Geographical and Historical Description of the Eastern Caucasus,” (1814,) “Historical Pictures of Asia from the Monarchy of Cyrus to the Present Time,” (1824,) “ Asia Polyglotta,” or a classification of Orien¬ tal nations according to their languages, (1829,) and “ On the Origin of Paper Money in China.” Besides these productions, which enjoy the highest reputation throughout Europe, he published a number of excellent maps and geographical treatises, and wrote valuable articles for the “ Biographie Universelle.” Died in Paris in 1835. Klaproth was one of the greatest linguists of his time. His sagacity, judgment, and memory were extraordinary. “ Since Klaproth’s death,” says the “ En¬ cyclopaedia Britannica,” “ his fame has continued to rise. Hia merits as a philologer are very great; but his merits a, e, T, 5, u, y, long; k, b, 6, same, less prolonged; a, e, I, o, u,; as a linguist are greater still. . . . His memory, both for comprehensiveness and accuracy, was unrivalled.” See Landrksse, “ Notice historique et litt^raire sur Klaproth •*' Fischer, “ Denkschrift auf Klaproth,” Berlin; “ Nouvelle Bio¬ graphie G£n4rale;” “Monthly Review” for October, 1814. Klaproth, (Martin Heinrich,) an eminent German analytical chemist and mineralogist, born at Wernigerode, in Prussian Saxony, in December, 1743. He served an apprenticeship as an apothecary, and about 1768 went to Berlin, where he studied chemistry. Having gained dis¬ tinction by the analysis of mineral substances and by discoveries in chemistry, he was elected a member of the Academy of Berlin in 1788, and a foreign associate of the French Institute. He discovered the metals Uranium and Titanium, and the earth Zirconia. He published the results of his researches and experiments in his “ Con¬ tributions to the Chemical Knowledge of Mineral Bodies,” (5 vols., 1796-1810.) About 1809 he became professor of chemistry in Berlin. Died in Berlin in 1817, See “ Biographie M^dicale;” Kopp, “Geschichte der Chemie.” Klass, kias, (Friedrich Christian,) a German land¬ scape-painter, born at Dresden in 1752 ; died in 1827. Klass, (Karl Christian,) a historical painter, a brother of the preceding, was born at Dresden in 1747. Died in 1793. Klauber, klow'b$r, (Ignaz Sebastian,) a German engraver, was born in Augsburg in 1754. He was invited to Saint Petersburg by the empress Catherine, who appointed him professor in the Imperial Academy of Fine Arts. Died about 1820. Among his engravings is a portrait of the empress Catherine. Klauber, (Joseph,) an engraver, born at Augsburg in 1710, was an uncle of the preceding. Died in 1768. Klaus, a surname of Nicolas von der Flue. See Flue, de. Kleander or Kleandros. See Cleander. Kleanthes. See Cleanthes. Klearchus. See Clearchus. Kle'bsr, [Fr. KlAber, kliluiR',] (Jean Baptiste,) a celebrated French general, born at Strasburg in 1754. Having studied at the military school of Munich, he returned to France in 1788, and soon attained the rank of adjutant-major. For his gallant conduct at the siege of Mayence, in 1793, he was made general of brigade. He subsequently gained several advantages over the Vendeans; but nis generous treatment of the prisoners called down upon him the censures of the committee of safety. He was removed to the army of the North, in which, as general of division, he served under Jourdan. He gained distinguished laurels in 1794 at the battle of Fleurus, where he commanded the left wing of the French army. He soon after captured Mons and the fortress of Maestricht. In 1797, displeased with the Directory, he retired to a country-seat near Paris ; but he left this retreat at the request of Bonaparte, whom he accompanied in 1798 to Egypt. He was severely wounded at the siege of Alexandria, of which city he was appointed governor. The following winter he marched into Syria at the head of the French vanguard, reduced El Arish, Gaza, and Jaffa, and gained in April, 1799, the decisive victory of Mount Tabor. On his return to Egypt he added to his already brilliant reputation at the battle of Aboukir. In August, 1799, he was made commander- in-chief by Bonaparte, who returned to France. Though Kleber was very popular, this event caused general dis¬ satisfaction in the army. The soldiers were greatly re¬ duced in numbers, and provisions were scarce. The grand vizier, with over 40,000 men and several English officers, having captured the important fortress of El Arish, was marching against the French. For these reasons Kleber formed a treaty with the Turks and the English admiral Sir Sidney Smith, by which, upon the surrender of all the fortresses in his possession except three, he was to receive from the Turks a large amount of gold and per¬ mission to return peaceably to France. He accordingly delivered up several strongholds, and was preparing to sail from Egypt, when he was informed by Admiral Keith that the English government, on the ground that Smith was not vested with full authority, would not consent that the French should leave the country except as pris¬ oners of war. This infraction of the treaty thoroughly short; a, e, j, 9, obscure; fir, fill, fit; mfit; nflt; good; modn;