Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Human anatomy (Volume 2). Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
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![the scapula, i, (supra-scapular and posterior scapular.) Their direction is transverse from without inwards, lying parallel with the arteries of the same name. As already mentioned, the external jugular vein is usually provided with two valves. INTERNAL JUGULAR VEIN. The internal jugular vein, fig. 256, k, [v. jugularis interna.]—The blood from the brain and cranial cavity is received by the internal jugular veins, which are continuous at their upper extremities with the lateral sinuses, whilst inferiorly they terminate in the innominate or brachio-cephalic veins. The commencement of each internal jugular vein at the lateral sinus is at the broad part of the foramen lacerum (jugular fossa). This part of the vessel, being somewhat enlarged, has beennamed the sinus, or gulf of the internal jugular vein. Beneath the skull, the vein is supported by the rectus lateralis muscle, and lies close at the outer side of the internal carotid artery, as far as the cornu of the os hyoides. Being joined at this point by the common trunk formed by the union of the facial with a part of the temporal vein, the internal jugular vein becomes considerably enlarged, and then descends parallel with the common carotid artery, lying at its outer side and enclosed in the same sheath, together with the vagus nerve. At the root of the neck it joins nearly at a right angle with the subclavian vein, and so forms the innominate or brachio-cephalic vein. Previously to its junction with the facial vein, the internal jugular receives branches from the tongue, the pharynx, and the occiput. These branches, however, or some of them, are very frequently found to end in the common trunk of the temporal and facial veins. The lingual vein commences at the side and upper surface of the tongue, passes backwards, receiving branches from the sublingual gland ; occasionally the ranine vein joins it, and sometimes also the pharyngeal. In either case it passes back- wards between the mylo-hyoid and hyo-glossus muscles, to open into the internal jugular vein. The pharyngeal vein commences at the back and sides of the pharynx, and sometimes ends in the superior thyroid vein, and sometimes in the lingual, or separately in the internal jugular vein. Corresponding in course and distribution with the occipital artery there is an occipital vein, which communicates with a plexus of veins upon the occiput, and terminates occasionally in the external jugular vein, but more frequently in the internal. The laryngeal vein receives branches from the larynx through the thyro-hyoid membrane; they unite and form one vein, which°opens into the internal jugular, or into the temporo-maxillary venous trunk, or sometimes into the superior thyroid vein. The superior thyroid vein commences by branches in the thyroid body, in company with those of the superior thyroid artery. These unite and form a single vessel, which runs transversely outwards and opens into the internal jugular vein. Lower down is found another branch (middle thyroid), also derived from the thyroid body.](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b21148879_0016.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
