On the myology of the terrestrial carnivora. Pt. I. Muscles of the head, neck, and fore-limb / by B.C.A. Windle and F.G. Parsons.

  • Windle, Bertram C. A. (Bertram Coghill Alan), 1858-1929.
Date:
1897
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: On the myology of the terrestrial carnivora. Pt. I. Muscles of the head, neck, and fore-limb / by B.C.A. Windle and F.G. Parsons. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

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    former rises from the mid-cervical transverse processes, and is inserted into the ventral arch of the atlas as M'ell as into the centrum of the second and sometimes the third cervical vertebra. Scalenus ventralis (Scalenus anticus).—If by scalenus anticus we understand a muscle which passes from the ventral side of the cervical transverse processes to the fii’st rib, ventral to the subclavian artery and brachial plexus, that muscle is very rare in the Carnivora. This is borne out by Gilis’s researches (XLIII.); he says that the plexus passes anterior (ventral) to all the scalenes in Carnivora. Straus-Durckheim thinks that in the Cat (II.) the scalenus anticus has become fused with the rectus capitus anticus major, and describes it under the name of “ Isoscele.” Alix (XXX.) says that it is represented in Mustda putorius by some fibres which are ventral to the transverse processes and are separated from the rest of the scalene mass by the nerves. We agree with Alix that nothing should be looked upon as scalenus anticus which is not ventral to the brachial plexus. In Viverra civetta both Macalister (IX.) and Young (VIIL) describe three scalenes; Devis (X.) also speaks of a scalenus anticus in this animal, but in his case the muscle was dorsal to the nerves. Murie (XVII.) speaks of a scalenus anticus in Hymna hrunnea, but we think that it must have been a part of what we term scalenus longus, since it was attached to the 4th and 5th ribs and no mention is made of its relation to the brachial plexus. In no other carnivorous animal is there any mention of a scalenus anticus. Scalenus longus and brevis.—These muscles are always present. The former rises from four or five cervical transverse processes but never reaches the first; it is inserted into the outer surfaces Fig. 6. of 3, 4, or 5 ribs, beginning at the 3rd or 4th. In C'e;T0?cp<<>s(61), however, it is very well developed and is inserted from the 3rd to the 8th rib. At’ its insertion the muscle interdigitates with the serratus magnus and its A’entral fibres reach farthest back. The [14]