On the myology of the terrestrial carnivora. Pt. I. Muscles of the head, neck, and fore-limb / by B.C.A. Windle and F.G. Parsons.

  • Windle, Bertram C. A. (Bertram Coghill Alan), 1858-1929.
Date:
1897
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: On the myology of the terrestrial carnivora. Pt. I. Muscles of the head, neck, and fore-limb / by B.C.A. Windle and F.G. Parsons. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

    24/42 (page 392)
    Ursus americamm (XX.), wliich is interesting, because that animal has a two-headed biceps and also because in the specimen of Procyon lotor dissected by us (53) the small coracoid head could be separated by a little tearing from the rest of the muscle and was found to end in the fascia of the forearm. So far as we are able to generalize from the material at our disposal, w’e should say that in the Carnivora a single-headed biceps inserted into the radius is the normal arrangement, but that the Ursidaj are characterized by a double- headed muscle, a condition that is approached by the nearly related Procyonidm, e. g. Procyon lotor (53) and Cercoleptes (Gl, G2). Coraco-brachialis.—This muscle usually rises by a small rounded tendon from the tip of the minute coracoid process ; it soon becomes fleshy to be inserted into the humerus near its surgical neck, having passed above (over the cephalic border of) the latissimus doi’si tendon (see fig. 8, p. 390). This coraco-brachialis brevis or rotator humeri was the only pai't of the muscle seen in the following animals :—Feles leo (1, In), F. tigris (3), F. pardus (5), F. caius (6), F. caracal (8), Gyncclurus juhaius (9), Gryptoprocta (liO), Viverra civetta (12, 13, 14), Genetta (16), Paradoxurns (21), Herpestes (24), Proteles (25), Hycena striata (26, 28), Ft. crocuta (29), Ganis fami- liaris (31) (in four other dogs Maealister describes the coraco- brachialis as 23i’6sent, but does not say which parts ; he would probably have made a note had there been anything more than the rotator humeri), Ganis aureus (41), Procyon lotor (53, 54, 55), P. cancrivorus (57), Nasua (58,59, GO, 60 a), Gercoleptes (61), Galictis vHtata (63). In Straus-Durckheim’s cat a delicate tendon rose with the rotator humeri and passed down ventral to the latissimus dorsi to be inserted into the lower thii-d of the humerus just above the supra-condylar foramen (II.). In four specimens of Ursus americanus (4§, 49, 50, 52) a coraco-brachialis longus was present in addition to the rotator humeri; in one of these 8hepherd (XX.) describes the long part of the muscle as being pierced W the musculo-cutaneous nerve, while, in another, Testut (XXIII.) mentions that the brevis was double. In a fifth specimen of the same animal TIaughton (XXI.) describes the rotator humeri and then speaks of a coraco-brachialis accessorius, “ which,” he says, “ is like the gemelli ” ; whatever may be the exact meaning of his description, it is evident that more than one part of the muscle was present in his case. Both Ursus maritimus (45) and U. arctos (47) resemble the rest of the Bears in having both the brevis and the longus. The Procyonidae, as has been shown, usually have the normal carnivorous arrangement, but Perrin’s specimen of Gerco- leptes (62) differed from our own in having the bear-like double muscle. Among the Mustelidae, Galictis barhara (64) and 21ustela foina (67) are bear-like. In four specimens of T.>utra vulgaris (7d, 75, 76, 77) the muscle was entirely absent, while in a fifth described by Haughton (XXXIY.) no mention is made of it, though all the surrounding muscles are spoken of. In Lutra cinerea Maealister (XXXVII.) describes the brevis as being present on the lel't side but absent on the right. In two specimens of Icionyx [24]