On the myology of the terrestrial carnivora. Pt. I. Muscles of the head, neck, and fore-limb / by B.C.A. Windle and F.G. Parsons.

Bertram Coghill Alan Windle

Date:: 1897

Credit: On the myology of the terrestrial carnivora. Pt. I. Muscles of the head, neck, and fore-limb / by B.C.A. Windle and F.G. Parsons. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

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$tliia. Krause^ also does not notice the centralis in the dog. Among the Ursidro, Wiudle notices the absence of tlie condylo- ulnaris in Ursus americunus (48), wldle in two other specimens of the same animal (49, 58) only one condylar origin is described. Ill the Procyonida) all live heads wei’e found in Procijon lotov (53), I\ cancrivorus {57), JS'dsua ru/a (XLV.), and Gercoleptes {(ii). In Perrin’s specimen of Ceroleptiis (62) the centralis was not noticed. In the Mustelidie all five heads were present in Mu-stela putorius (XLV.), Ictouyx zorilla (69), Meles (XLV.), Lutra vulgaris (XLV., 74), and L. chierea (78), while in GuUctis vittala (63) and, apparently, A7. putorius (65) the centralis was absent-. Prom the foregoing details it will be seen that in the Carnivora it is usual to find all five origins of the flexor profundus digitoruin, that the condylo-centralis is the part most frequently missing, and, after that, the coudylo-ulnar-is. The two specimens of Ilyaenidm were the only animals in which the muscle did not send slips to all five digits. Lumbricales.—As a rule there are four of these muscles, but when there are less it seems that the one on the radial side disappears first and the ulnar one next. In the following animals four muscles were found:—Fells ccitus (6), Viverra civeita (12), Genetta (16), Herpestes (24), Hycena striata (27), H. crocuta (29), Ursus maritimus (45), U. americanus (49), Frocyon lotor (53), Nasua (60), Cercoleptes (61), Meles (71, 72), and Lutra (76). In the following there were three lumbricales :—V. civetta (13) (ulnar one absent), Froteles (25), Canis familiar is (31) (radial absent), Mustela putorius (65) (radial absent), Lutra vulgaris (79) (radial absent), and L. cinerea (78) (radial absent). In Hycena striata (26) and Ictonyx lihyca (70) only the two middle lumbricales were preseut. Pronator quadratus.—This muscle is always present in the Carnivora and is usually of considerable thickness when cut through. The part nearest the carpus is always the thickest, strongest, and most persistent. The muscle may extend for the whole length of the bones or may only occupy a fraction of them at their carpal ends. Amoug the Felidae the pronator quadratus almost always occupies the lower half of the forearm ; this is the case in Felis ho (1), F. tigris (3, XXIII.), F. parclus (4), and F. catus (6). In Cyncelurus (9), however, it seems to occupy rather more than half. In the Viverridae the muscle is very ■rariable. In Cryptoprocta (10) it is attached to the lower |. In Herpestes nepalensis {2^)ML griseus (24), one specimen of Para- cloxurus (19), and Viverricida malaecensis (15) it is present in the lower half; in Genetta (16), Viverra civetta (12), and the second specunen of Paradoxurus (20) in the lower third ; in V. civetta (13) m the lower quarter. In Hemigalea Mivart (XI.) describes * ‘Anat. clea Kaniucliona.’ ovoVookod“^'^’ the centralis is very easily [31]$