On the myology of the terrestrial carnivora. Pt. I. Muscles of the head, neck, and fore-limb / by B.C.A. Windle and F.G. Parsons.

Bertram Coghill Alan Windle

Date:: 1897

Credit: On the myology of the terrestrial carnivora. Pt. I. Muscles of the head, neck, and fore-limb / by B.C.A. Windle and F.G. Parsons. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by The Royal College of Surgeons of England. The original may be consulted at The Royal College of Surgeons of England.

9/42 page 377

$paroccipitiil process aiad often from the contiguous paramastoid and bulla tympani; it is inserted into the body of the lower jaw midway between the angle and symphysis (see fig. 4, p. 378). It has no connexion with the hyoid bone, and the only evidence of a separation into two bellies is a feeble line of tendon about the middle, which is quite superficial and does not extend into the interior of the muscle. In some cases, e. g. Civetta (12), Qenetta (18), Ursus (52), Nasua (60), and Ictonyx (70), no tendinous intersection ac all was noticed. In spite of its appearance the anterior part of the muscle is supplied by the mylo-hyoid, and the posterior by the facial nerve. Mylo-lujoid.—The mylo-hyoid has the same attachments as in Man (see fig. 4, p. 378). It usually extends as far forwards as the symphysis menti, but in Canis (31), Hycena striata (28), and H. crocuta (29) it ends anteriorly in an angle, the convexity of which is towards, but does not reach the symphysis. In Procyon loior (53) the arrangement is the same as in the Canida? and Hysenidae, but iVasMrt rufa (60) agrees with the rest of the Carnivora in this respect. Genio-hyoid and Genio-hyoglossns.—Nothing remarkable AA'as noticed about these muscles. They have the usual human attach- ments. Stylo-hyoid.—The typical carnivorous stylo-hyoid seems to consist of two parts, superficial and deep ; tlie former is a small slip which rises from near the root of the paroccipital process and passes over the digastric, to reach the hyoid bone; the latter rises deep to the origin of the digastric and is usually inserted into the epihyal element of the hyoid arch, it is sometimes spoken of as the masto-hyoid (see fig. 4, p. 378). This arrangement was noticed m F. catus {/) Genetta (17, 18), Herpcstes (24), Cryptoprocta (10), Cams (39), and Cercoleptes (61). ^ ^ 1 Mustelidm the superficial part was not seen, but unless looked tor It may easily escape notice, and this is also the case with the deep part. _ It IS possible that the human arrangement of the stylo-hyoid hvlnlt be explained by looking upon the human muscle as a combination of the stylo- hyoKl and masto-hyoid of the Carnivora. ^ , Styloylossus.--Tlh\s is always present and is by far the best developed of all the styloid muscles in Carnivora ; it rises from the upeihcia side of the byoglossus as in Man (see fig. 4, p. 378) Sf?a„a’-Du?^kheiu. thehat-^II.) and by Ahx in the Polecat (XXX)- it msseo is always present Pnoc. ZooL. Soo.—1897, No. XXV. OK [9]$