Zoological classification : a handy book of reference with tables of the subkingdoms, classes, orders, etc., of the animal kingdom, their characters and lists of the families and principal genera / [Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe].

  • Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe
Date:
1880
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Zoological classification : a handy book of reference with tables of the subkingdoms, classes, orders, etc., of the animal kingdom, their characters and lists of the families and principal genera / [Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe]. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    Notwithstanding, the anatomy, especially of the water-vascular system, is very complex. Reproduction is sometimes direct, but a bilateral planula, it is said, generally emerges from the egg. Synapta has a form of larva known as “ Auricularia.” The “Cuvierian organs” are thread-like tubes and fibres open- ing into the cloaca, or into the water-vascular system. No fossil species are known; a few of their calcareous spicules have been found in the Carboniferous deposits. Claus has two orders—Pedata and Apoda: the first with two families—Aspidochirotre (Holothuria, &c.) and Dendrochirotce (Psoitis, &c.) ; the second order contains tire two families Molpa- did;e (constituting his suborder Pneumonophora) and Syuaptidac. Without organs of respiration Apxeumona. With organs of respiration Pneumonophoka. Order I. APNEUMONA. No special organ of respiration. Hermaphrodite. No Cuvierian organs. There are no ambulacral feet in Synaptidse ; but locomotion is effected by the spicules, which are anchor-shaped, barbed, wheel- shaped, &e., according to the genera. In Oncinolabidce the tube- feet are in five rows and the tentacles are filiform. Synaptid®. Chirodota. Oncinolubid<b. Synapta. Eupyrgus. Oncinolabes. Myriotrochus. Anapta. Echinosoma. Order II. PNEUMONOPHORA. Dipneumona. ( Respiratory organs branching, tree-like, opening into the cloaca. Sexes distinct. Cuvierian organs present. Water is admitted into the abdominal cavity by means of the respiratory organs : these are two in number, except in Rhopa- lodina. Mfllpadiicbe have no tube-feet ; they are doubtfully hermaphrodite. The tentacles are either shield-shaped [Aspido- chirot«e= Holothuriidae] or branched [DendroohirotiE=Psolidffi]. In Molpadiid;c the tentacles are either cylindrical or shield- shaped. Rhopalodma has a flask-shaped body, the mouth at the