Child hygiene / by S. Josephine Baker.

  • Sara Josephine Baker
Date:
[1925]
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Child hygiene / by S. Josephine Baker. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    Massachusetts who were federal taxpayers were involved and the Commonwealth could find a basis for a suit for protection of the property rights and welfare of its citi¬ zens as well as the defense of its rights as a sovereign state. This action was started in October, 1922. In December, 1922, a taxpayer's suit was started containing substantially the same allegations as the Massachusetts suit, with the addi¬ tional statement that ‘appropriations unauthorized by the Constitution of the United States, resulting in the taxing of her [plaintiff’s] property without due process of law, was in violation of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitu¬ tion.” On June 4, 1923, the United States Supreme Court rendered an unanimous decision that both of these cases must be disposed of for want of jurisdiction. The widespread and effective work of the United States Public Health Service for the welfare of children is carried on by virtue of the general powers of that service rather than by direct legislative enactment. This work, which is mainly concerned with older children, particularly those of school age, will be referred to in the discussion of special phases of child hygiene. Reference should be made here, however, to the extensive studies that have been made by the Service and the practical aid that has been given to the states, in co-operation with the state governments. The United States Bureau of Education has also contrib¬ uted to a definite extent in the line of health education in the schools. In this it had the co-operation of the Child Health Organization and much valuable literature on this subject has been distributed. This work is carried on by virtue of the general powers of the Bureau, and not by special act of Congress. State Legislation for Child Hygiene.—Other types of legislation for child hygiene belong to the individual states. These will be discussed under the appropriate divisions of the work. In general, these state laws are those that relate to (1) control of the practice of midwifery, (2) super¬ vision of day nurseries, (3) supervision of infants in insti-
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