A first book in psychology / by Mary Whiton Calkins.

  • Mary Whiton Calkins
Date:
1910
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A first book in psychology / by Mary Whiton Calkins. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    393/446 page 375
    the intensity of a previously constant current if the increase or decrease is caused by a force acting at a point other than the point of sensory stimulation.” Bibliography. — Wundt, Grundziige, II.5, 358 ff. Grundriss, § 7, 10 a; 15, 2 a; H. R. Marshall, Pain, Pleasure, and ^Esthetics, esp. Chapter V., § 3; P. Flechsig, Gehirn und Seele, pp. 89 ff.; H. Muns- terberg, Beitrage zur Psychologie, IV., p. 216; M. Meyer, Psychol. Review, 1908, XV., pp. 306 ff.; E. B. Titchener, A Text-book of Psychology, 1909, § 74, pp. 260-263. § 7. The emphasis upon the occurrence in emotion of sensa¬ tional constituents — sensations due to heart-beat, dilation of arteries, breathing, and the like — is a contribution to psychology of Professors William James and K. Lange. Both lay such stress on this factor of emotion that they tend to underestimate or even to ignore the other structural constituents of emotion — the pleasantness or unpleasantness. It should be noted that this James-Lange doctrine stands in close relation to the conception of emotion as doubly personal. For precisely organic sensation is an important sensational factor in my consciousness of myself; and kinaesthetic sensations of movement — of approach and with¬ drawal, cooperation, and antagonism — are at least constituents of my consciousness of other selves. Bibliography. — Cf. James, Principles of Psychology, Chapter XXV. (Briefer Psychology, Chapter XXIV.); The Physical Basis of Emotion, Psychol. Review, I., pp. 516 ff.; Lange, liber Gemiitsbe- wegungen, translated by H. Kurella, Leipzig, 1887; C. Stumpf, Uber den Begriff der Gemiitsbewegung, Zeitschr. fur Psychol, und Physiol., XXI., pp. 47 ff. § 8. Besides the reports (cited above, in § 3, p. 371) of ex¬ periments on affective reactions, the following reports of earlier experiments may be consulted: —• In favor of the doctrine that affective reactions may be clearly distinguished as pleasant or unpleasant: Fere, Sensation et Mouvement, Paris, 1887; A. Lehmann, Hauptgesetze des men- schlichen Gefiihlslebens, Ger. tr., Leipzig, 1892, and Die kor-
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