The theory and practice of hygiene (Notter and Firth) / by J. Lane Notter ... and W. H. Horrocks.
- James Lane-Notter
- Date:
- 1900
Licence: In copyright
Credit: The theory and practice of hygiene (Notter and Firth) / by J. Lane Notter ... and W. H. Horrocks. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service. The original may be consulted at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service.
27/1146 page 5
![was the amount used by a man in the middle class, wlio may be taken as a fair type of a cleanly man belonging to a fairly clean household:— Gallons daily „ 1 . per one person. Cookuig, . . . . . . . , .75 Fluids as drink (water, tea, coliee), . . . . . -33 Ablution, including a daily sponge-bath, which took 2^ to 3 gals., .* 5 Share of utensil and house-washing, . . ' . . 3 Share of clothes (laundry) washing, estimated, . . . 3 12 These results are tolerably accordant with actual experiments, if we household there is economy of water in washing ntensils and clothes, and that the number of wives and children in a regi- ment is not great. In poor families, who draw water from wells, the amount has been found to vary from 2 to 4 gallons per head, but then there was certainly not perfect cleanliness. Eateman states that, in a group of cottages with 82 inmates, the daily average amount was 71 gallons per head, and in another group 5 gallons per head. Letheby found in the poor houses in the city of London the amount to be 5 gallons. In experiments in model lodo-ino-- houses, Muir states that 7 gallons daily were used. Easton, in his own house m London, found he used about 12 gallons per head, of which about 5 were for closets, leaving 7 for other uses; but probably the laundry washing was not included. In the convict prison at Portsmouth, where there are water-closets, and each prisoner has a general bath once a week, the amount is 11 gallons. ' In several of the instances just referred to, it may be questioned whether tiie amount of cleanliness was equal to what would be expected in the iugher ranks. In most instances quoted, no general baths were used : but It is now becoming so common in England to have bath-rooms that they are otten put even 111 eight-roomed houses. A general bath for an adult requires, with the smaUest adult bath {i.e., only 4 feet long and 1 foot V inches wide), 38 gallons, and many batlis will contain 50 to 60 gallons. A good shower-bath will deliver 3 to 6 gallons. General baths used <>nly once a week will add 5 or 6 gallons per head to the daily consump- We may safely estimate that for personal and domestic use, without Datiis, 12 gallons per head daily should be given as a usual minimum supply; and with baths and perfect cleanliness, 1(3 gallons should be Tv t/!^ ^ allowance for water-closets or for unavoidable waste If from want of supply the amount of water must be limited, ISfl f ^'^^'^ •^^^'^ ])robabIy the least amount which ought to be used and in this case there could not be daily washing clothimr''' insufficient change of undei- l.,ri!fPi^\''' ^'f^' amount must be greatly increased. The Ztur f \ '^'^'^ ^^^^ of ^'^^ient Rome, demanded a ?n W '''' •'^'^^^linS to Leslie's calculations, to raise the <iaily average per head to at least 300 <ra]]oiis ^.i.tpT'^'^i* ^^^^^^ Water-Closets.-Tlie old arrangements with cisterns allow any qunntity of water to be pourc.l ,lown, and many € gineers consider that the chief waste of water is owing to water-closets, an some districts, by attention to this point, the consumption has been](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b2135764x_0027.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
