The theory and practice of hygiene (Notter and Firth) / by J. Lane Notter ... and W. H. Horrocks.
- James Lane-Notter
- Date:
- 1900
Licence: In copyright
Credit: The theory and practice of hygiene (Notter and Firth) / by J. Lane Notter ... and W. H. Horrocks. Source: Wellcome Collection.
Provider: This material has been provided by London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service. The original may be consulted at London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Library & Archives Service.
92/1146 page 70
![water a lather is fiiven almost immediately; but if lime, magnesia, iron, Wtl .Wa or other substances of this kind be present, oleates of these &J?ori, and no lather is given until the ^^^^^^^^ doAvn or used up. The hardness of a water depends upon the piesence m 1 Tnl-e or Js of these earthy bases, and the mor. they ^^^^^ crreiterwill be the expenditure of soap to make a lather, i^iee caioomc has a imilar effect. The soap combines in equivalent proportions with Tese bases so S at if the soap solution be graduated by a solution of known ^tZ^lh oi any k nd, it will be of equivalent strength for corresponding ^. If^ b^ses. There are, however, one orj^^^^^^^ 1 4-1 o ,,.oflinrl Ipq^ Certain One of these is that, m tiie cabe ui «if th eta ti to form double .alts, so that tl.e dete™inat,c^> nTSrcTneih ^^^^^ so accurate as in the cases of lime or baryta. Carbonic SH-; - ^ Sssrx S tpf -rto^;±:itiii^:rs^^^^^^^^ r^elrtSrS h..anes ^]^£Z£^ is usually very soft. Many rf Ure salts CMih^ ^^^^ ^iLi^Sa-^^s';^^^^^^ s: Sb^rr^s-............ alumina. i--*-^^^^^^^^^ in solution, consists u,ai,Jy of s^:SX:SS a.Kl nitrates of calciuur and n,ag,resiunr. ,v,tl. a little iron and alumina nnnvenience usually expressed either in The amount o hardness is^^ for J p^r gallon of degrees of the metrical f jP'^;^^; ^^.^ J legree of hardness on the calcium carbonate, each gx-^nr ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ that the hardness scale proposed by Claik- covuse equivalent to so much depends on various ^ons^i^u. ts, but m ^^^^ ^^^^^^ calcium carbonate. In in.mce, ^^'^ ' . ■ 100,000. In carbonate, but only on the metrica sc^l that in p ^^p , SLWk^rSr:^ S= and 0-7 W or English metrical degree ..^^^.n of hardness is best made by The Soap sol^d^on for the ,^ft soap in a mixture thoroughly dissolving by «t?™g ^/j water and then filtering, of 4 parts methylated spirits to 6 °f J^f'/^^^^ ^ diluted or strengthened This solution of soap should , permanent lather as the case may be, so ^^'^^ ^-2 c c. of it e>^^ct ^^^^^^ P^^ .^^^^_ ^^^ .^^^^^ when shaken up with 50 c.c. oi ^ ^o^^ eiilcium carbonate, nitrate, r.a(NO.), has a - J-^-^^Y'S ,,Hum nitrate be dis- S^in 1 m^of'd^ine^^^^ equals 0-1 gramme of calcium](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b2135764x_0092.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
