Clever Hans (the horse of Mr. Von Osten) : a contribution to experimental animal and human psychology / by Oskar Pfungst ; translated from the German by Carl L. Rahn.
- Oskar Pfungst
- Date:
- 1911
Licence: In copyright
Credit: Clever Hans (the horse of Mr. Von Osten) : a contribution to experimental animal and human psychology / by Oskar Pfungst ; translated from the German by Carl L. Rahn. Source: Wellcome Collection.
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![INTRODUCTION [By C. Stumpf] A horse that solves correctly problems in multiplica- tion and division by means of tapping. Persons of unim- peachable honor, who in the master’s absence have re- ceived responses, and assure us that in the process they have not made even the slightest sign. Thousands of spectators, horse-fanciers, trick-trainers of first rank, and not one of them during the course of many months’ observations are able to discover any kind of regulär signal. That was the riddle. And its solution was found in the unintentional minimal movements of the horse’s ques- tioner. Simple though it may seem, the history of the solu- tion is nevertheless quite complex, and one of the im- portant incidents in it is the appearance of the zoölogist and African traveler, Schillings, upon the scene, and then there is the report of the so-called Hans-Commis- sion of September 12, 1904. And finally there is the scientific investigation, the results of which were pub- lished in my report of December 9, 1904. After a cursory inspection during the month of February, I again called upon Mr. von Osten in July, and asked him to explain to Professor Schumann and me just what method he had used in instructing the horse. We hoped in this way to gain a clue to the](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b28061251_0015.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
