Physiology : A manual for students and practioners / by Theodore C. Guenther and Augustus E. Guenther.

  • Guenther, Theodore C. (Theodore Charles)
Date:
1903
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Physiology : A manual for students and practioners / by Theodore C. Guenther and Augustus E. Guenther. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library at Columbia University and Columbia University Libraries/Information Services, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the the Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library at Columbia University and Columbia University.

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    sn )M.\<'U-^i'.\ \f v: /•;. i .v. ;?n alone present in the jit/loric end of the stomach, ami it has been stated l)y Ileideiihain that this |)ortiou of the stomach produces no acid. The jnjlorie end, cartj'ulbj rejected and converted into a blind pourli, isitlkaline in reaction. This, by exclusion, leaves the border- cells a:5 the sonrre of the hi/<lri>rliloric ariil of the gastric juice. During the activity of the i^astric irlaiids liistoioLrical changes take place especially in the chief colls, similar to those already de.-^cribeil in the salivary glands. They also have a double supply of cranial and si/nijiatltetic nerves. ^Stimulation of the vagi after a latent |)eriod of from four and one-half to ten minutes gives a distind How. The delay is due to the simultiineous irritiitiou of inhibitory fibres. Stimulation of the sympathetic gives no result. The etiect of psvchical states is shown in the fictitious lueal experi- ment, in which the a'sophagus of a dog is divided and the two ends are brought to the skin and sutured so as to open externally. Food taken by the dog does not reach the stomach, but neverthe- le.^^s causes a How of gastric juice, which has been shown to depend u\)Oii the integrity of the vagi. The sight of food is alone suffi- cient to cause a secretion. lu order to determine the mechanism of the normal secretion of the gastric juice investigators have converted a part of the fundus of the stomach into a blind pouch with an external opening, while the continuity of the stomach was established by uniting tlu- cut ends. The nerve-sup])ly was not destroyed. The introduction of food into the stomach brought out a secretion in the resected portion in from fifteen to thirty minutes. This was interpreted to be due to the absorption of digested substances from the stomach. The quantity of the gastric juice secrete<l varies with the amount of food to be digested, while the quality de]>ends upon the character of the food. There is no evidence that the cells of the gastric glands can be stimulated directly. The How upon me<hanical stimulation is effected through the fibres of the vagus and possibly of the sympathetic. PANCREAS. The cells of the pancreas are mainly of the albinninnns ttjpe, in additi(m to which irregular masses of cells (bodies of Langerhans) are to be found. The latter are clear an<l small, with readily slainable nuclei. The others show a clear, well-<lelint'(l, non-stain- able zone toward the lumen. During activitv the cell-boundaries
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