Physiology : A manual for students and practioners / by Theodore C. Guenther and Augustus E. Guenther.

  • Guenther, Theodore C. (Theodore Charles)
Date:
1903
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Physiology : A manual for students and practioners / by Theodore C. Guenther and Augustus E. Guenther. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library at Columbia University and Columbia University Libraries/Information Services, through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the the Augustus C. Long Health Sciences Library at Columbia University and Columbia University.

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    the skill aHVcts llic iioniial coiistitwliitii of the iiriiic lliriiiit:li \\u: inv'.li'iiii of llu' l)lo()(l, it is to l)i' rxpcctcd that otiicr siii)Slaiiccs in ill,' riiculatioii niii^iit liave similar iiilliicncr. Tiiis, as a iiialtcr of fad. is true. A tomporarv alti-ralion of llu', lilood liy the a')sjori)tit»ii of large (|iiaiitilii's of waici-ami ilu' jn-esenee ol diurctitw iaereases lln' ilow of water from the kidneys. It saline diurcticx (potassium nitrate, soiliiiin chloride, urea, dextro.se, etc.) are iii- jectt'd into ihr lilood. an al)iindant secretion soon takes place, uiiicli is accoiniianiiMl liv an cnlarii-cnicnl of ihc ki<lney and a slii,dit rise of hlood-pressure. It has been shown that the power of these diuretics is proportional to their molecular weights, and it is tht'rcfore highly proi)al)le that through their osmotic power they withdraw water from the tissues to tiie Mood. The diuresis which they bring about lasts only as long as the blood-pressure remains above normal. Other diuretics are caffnn and <l!(/if<(lis. If •] grain of catfein is injected into the circulation, the kidney at first contracts in vol- ume and the secretion of water is stoi)ped. Soon, however, an expansion takes place and a C()i)ious urinary flow results. The general blood-pressure is also lessened and then heightened. C'af- fein seems to act on the renal vessels, diminishing ami then aug- menting the flow of blood through the glomeruli. Digitalis is rather uncertain in its action as a diuretic. It slows and strength- ens the heat of the heart in certain subjects; increasing the arterial pressure and lowering the venous pressure, which favors the flow of blood through the kidney, and produces an increase in the amount of water in the urine. Inorganic Salts.—Those of the urine are chiefly the chlori(Jt'-'i, pliDsjtlidlrs and sit/jilnttfs of the (ilkuVirx and (ilkaliiip rartlis. Thev are taken into the body partly as such and jiartly in the structure of proteids. Chloride t)f sodium occurs to the greatest extent, amounting to about 1) grannnes in a day's urine. SECRETIONS OF THE SKIN. The perspiration is a colorless rKpiid with a peculiar odor, a salty taste, an acid reaction, and a specific gravity of 1004. The amount formetl varies enormously with the temperature, with ex- ercise, with psychical an<l pathological conditions, but may be put at an average of from TOO to !•()() grammes a day, a little