An introduction to pathology and morbid anatomy / by T. Henry Green ; revised and enlarged by H. Montague Murray.

  • Green, T. Henry (Thomas Henry), 1841-1923
Date:
1900
Catalogue details

Licence: In copyright

Credit: An introduction to pathology and morbid anatomy / by T. Henry Green ; revised and enlarged by H. Montague Murray. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by King’s College London. The original may be consulted at King’s College London.

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    MISCELLANEOUS DEFECTS project on the surface (extroversio vesicae). The urethra may remain unclosed, appearing, in the male, as a groove along the dorsum of the penis {epispadias), and this condition may be associated with absence of the symphysis pubis and extroversion of the bladder. A commoner deformity is a defective development of the penis, in which that organ is small and grooved on its under surface. The ui'ethra may open at the root of the penis, at the base of the glans, or at any point between these. To these deficiencies are added undescended testicles and a cleft scrotum somewhat resembling the labia majora of the female. This general defective development of the generative organs is known as hypospadias, although, strictly speaking, the term should be limited to the urethral malformation. When the ordinary invagination of the skin to form the anus does not occur, or more commonly when the hind-ffut is too short to communicate with the more or less completely in- vaginated portion of the skin an im- perforate anus results. The walls of the hind-gut and of the invaginated anus may lie in close contact, or may be separated by an interval of several inches (Fig. 3). Occasionally the hind-gut maybe Y^g. ■i.—Imperforate anus. <?, rectum ; incompletely differentiated from the fibrous cord connecting imperfectly ... . • i ii developed rectum and invaginated genito-urmarv apparatus owing to the ,. ,. ° .7 z r & 5l^,n ; c, skin. imperfect involution of the allantois, but in such cases the foetus rarely attains maturity. Miscellaneous Defects.—The commonest and least important malformation of the kidney is an irregularity of the surface due to the persistence of the original lobulations, marking the position of the pyramids—a normal condition in the ox and many other mammals. Occasionally the lower ends of the kidneys are found united across the bodies of the vertebrae so as to form a horseshoe-shaped organ. The connection may be effected either by fibrous tissue or by ordinary renal tissue. In nearly all cases of horseshoe kidneys the ureters pass downwards over the anterior surface, while the arrangement of the blood-vessels is generally somewhat unusual. The pelvis of the kidney may be subdivided, and the ureter may be double at its upper part or even throughout its whole length. On rare occasions the development of one kidney may be so far interfered with that it is at birth represented by a mere fibrous plate ; while the opposite kidney is double, or nearly double, its normal size. Neither liver nor lungs are liable to any important developmental
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