Bartholinus anatomy; made from the precepts of his father, and from the observations of all modern anatomists, together with his own ... In four books and four manuals answering to the said books / ... Published by Nich. Culpeper and Abdiah Cole.
- Thomas Bartholin
- Date:
- 1668
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Bartholinus anatomy; made from the precepts of his father, and from the observations of all modern anatomists, together with his own ... In four books and four manuals answering to the said books / ... Published by Nich. Culpeper and Abdiah Cole. Source: Wellcome Collection.
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![3 In manner of a wheel, as that of the fecond Verte- i tels us, that there were fome that lived whofe bones were bra of the Neck with the firft ; where upon the Axel-tree folid, without any hollownefs,who are by him called Cor¬ as it were of one Vertebra, another is turned and wheeled nei, and that fuch perfons are known, in that they never about, . By Sumphufn or growing together. Bones are faltned, when the Connexion is without motion, and two Bones do only touch one another, or approach mutually one to another, as in the former. And this growing together is either without a medium or with it. Without a Mtdium : I. a Suture as in the Skul. *. fiamonia, which is a joyning of Bones by a lingle Line, ftreight* oblique* or circular t as in bones of the upper Jaw and the Nofe. And fo all Epiphyfes in a man¬ ner are joyned. . 3. Gtmphofis that is to fay Nailing, when one Bone is faftned into another as a Nail in a Port, as the Teeth in the Jaw-bones. Thefe three forts Galen and others following him, have comprehended under Synarthrofis as the Genus or kind. But they are out: becaufe Bones thus joyned have no motion, yet peradventure they may fome waies pertain to Synarthrofis, becaufe of the firmnefs they afford to the parts of the body. With a Medium there is alfo a threefold growing toge¬ ther of the Bones, by reafon of a threefold body coming between as the Medium .• . X. A Gripe and the conjun&ion is called SunChondro- fit. as in the Bones of the lower Jaw, and the Shaie- bones. . c ». A Ligament and it is termed Sunneurofis, as is leen in the Union of the Huckle-bone with the Thigh-bone. 3. Flefh or a Mufcle, and it is called Su(farcofis,zs in the Os hyoides with the Scapula. _ The Suhflance of the Bones is hard, but not with dri- nefs in an healthy State, but with a fhining fattinefs. to which others joyn an acid or (harp fpirit and a vola- til Salt, in which regard they cafily take fire and are burnt inftead of Wood A Bonefire pro¬ perly what. , as the Rogus of the Romans or their Fu¬ neral-fires did witnefs [ and our Englijh Bone fires, for anciently ( and yet in the North ) they kept their Bones of Beef , &c. til an occafion of Triumph, and then brought them out for joy to make Bone-fires] other- wife they would eafily be 6roken, as we fee in calcined Bones, and in that old Woman, whofe Members would break at the leaft touch, as Nic.Fontanus relates m his Obfervations. And Galen tels of fome bones that would turn to Sand and Duft, like rotten wood, which is the efFeift of drinefs. . The Lefs this Fiardnefl of the Bones is, the better do broken bones grow together and unite. But in Perfons that are come to years, they do not truly grow together, nor are regenerated, but are as it were glewed together, by the coming between of another fubftance like Glue, which they term Callus. Galen cals it Porus. Now a Callus fomtimes happens befide the In¬ tent of Nature, through overgreat plenty of Aliment and bad Nutrition : viz. when by a boney callus, the three upper Vertebra’s of the Neck are fo glewed together as they feem to be but one bone : or when the firft Vetebra is glewed to the Skul; and fuch perfons cannot exprefs their confent or diffent, by moving their Head forwards or backwards as the manner is. There is a greater havdnefs in fome Bones than in o- thers, as the Thigh, &c. But other Bones are fofter, as of the Os Spongiofum, the laft bones of the Fingers &c. Fer- ntlius, Ruellius, Hollenm have found all the bones fo pre- ternaturally foft, that they might be bowed like Wax, and that chiefly by the venereal Pox, witnefs M. Donatus. The Cartilag0 inftformis proves fomtimes fo foft and flag- oie, that it falls, of which fee Codronchius. itnoug _ „ - 1 Ths parts of the Bones are folid $>r Hollow, yet plim jGrifUw are to procefs oftime turo d ipto Bones fweat nor thirft. which Salims avouches of one Lyddanus a Syracufian. But both thefe Authors can fomtimes drop lealings. i- The Cavities are either within where the Marrow is, which cavities neverthelefs are not every where confpicu- ous ,• or without at the joyntings; which hollowneftes if they are deep, they are called Cotulai or Cotulides ( not Cotitledoncs } alfo ^icetabula, Sawcers. Cot) le was among the Ancients, a meafure of Liquors, containing as much as their Hemina s alfo a kind of Drinking Cup, as fome fuppofe If the Cavities zvefhallow, they are called Gle- nai and Glenoeideis From the form of the Eyes hollownefs when the Eye-lids are fhut. The folid parts of the Bones are three. The firfl and principal is called Os, and is the hardeft part, feated commonly in the middle. The fecond is by the Greeks called Apophyfis, alfo they term it Probolen and Ecphufefn &c. the Latines call ic Proceffus, Produ&io, ProjeElura, Extuberantia <&c. It is a part of a bone, not only touching as Eplphufis, but continued bunching out beyond die plain funace of the Bone: fuch as many are in the Vertebra’s of the Back, alfo in the lower Jaw-bone. Its chief Ufe is for the original and Infertion of parts, as Mufcles. The third is Eplphufts, or Appendix, Adnafctntia, ^fd- ditamentum j being a bone growing upon a bone, by a fimple and immediate Contact, though not with fo very plain a Surface, but a little mutual Ingrefs of Heads and Hollows, like Ginglumus, though without motion. The Subftance of the Epiphy fes is rare and loofe, being at firft for the moft part griftly j but in perfons grown to years, it is hardned, and turns to a bone : yea in elderly perfons, the Epiphyfis is fo united to the bone, as if they were but one contined bone, At the Ends of the Epiphyfis aGriftie is placed. But all Bones have not thefe Epiphitfes growing fd> them : yet there are divers of them ,• as in the Scapula, on the Bones of the Tibia and the Fibula, viz. on each fide, at the Tree and Foot &c. Alfo the Tooth of the fcr cond Vertebra, the Rotator magnus, the AppcsAices Styloy~ dcs, are Epiphyfes. The Ufe of Eppiphyfes. I. In foft bones they are inftead of covers, that the Marrctw may not run out. i. They ferve for firmnefs, for that Bafis is raoft firm which is broadeft and largeft. 3. That from them Ligaments may arife. 4. According to pavius, that they might be as it were an intermediate matter,to be inferred betwixt a bone and Ligaments, as the Membranes betwixt the Brain and &ull. The Apophyfls are in fotne places called Capita Heads * in other places, Cervices Necks j in other places Tuber- Cula bunches J in fome place Spina thorns ; in other- places Mutronts (harp points. But the parts which at the round of the Cavities, ftick out and hang over like Lips, aie called Supenilia Brows, and Labra Lips. Chap. II. Of (frijlles in (general. GRjfllts next to Bones are the hardeft fimilar parts] and almoft juft of the fame Nature with Bones, for fuch Beads as have no Bones, have Griftles inftead of Bones according to Ariftetle. j But they differ, becaufe they are fofter than Bones, though harder than Ligaments : and though very many 5 -..£asC*r- liii](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30323538_0225.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
