Bartholinus anatomy; made from the precepts of his father, and from the observations of all modern anatomists, together with his own ... In four books and four manuals answering to the said books / ... Published by Nich. Culpeper and Abdiah Cole.
- Thomas Bartholin
- Date:
- 1668
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Bartholinus anatomy; made from the precepts of his father, and from the observations of all modern anatomists, together with his own ... In four books and four manuals answering to the said books / ... Published by Nich. Culpeper and Abdiah Cole. Source: Wellcome Collection.
24/274 (page 8)
![What a Muf¬ cle is ? A Mi I file is an Organical part. ; CHAP. v. Of the Mufcles in (general. AMufclc is termed in Greek Mas a Moufe,becaufe it relembles a flaid Moufe; and the Latins cal it Lacertus a Lizard, from its fimilitude with that Crea¬ ture : Howbeit we cannot allot one certain figure to the Mufcles, by reafon of their variety. A Mufcle is an Organical Part, the Inftrument of voluntary motion. For only this part can receive the Iuflux of the motive faculty. Helmont allowes the mufcles a life peculiar to themfelves,' which conti¬ nues for a while, even after death, as the convulfive motion in the Falling-ficknefs which continues invo¬ luntarily. Whidh neverthelefs does more truly arife, from the retraction.and drinefs of the Nerves, and de¬ feat of Spirits. Alfo the fame man is in an error in conceiving that new fibres do arife in the mufcles, and caufe the Palfie. No man ever faw them, nor can they be bred anew, becatife they are Spermatick parts. The Palfie ought rather to be referred to a defedt of fome fi' bres. A mufcle is an Organical part, be¬ caufe it confifts i. Of flefh. 2. Of a tendinous part ( and thefe are the two parts of a mufcle, which perform the Adtion) 3. Of Veins to carry-back the Nutri¬ ment. 4. Of Arteries preferving the inbred Heat, and bringing theNouriftiment to the part. y. Of Nerves, which contribute fenfe and efpecially motion. For the Brain fends the motive faculty through the Nerves into the Mufcles. 6. Of Membranes which encompafs and keep the mufcles together. 7. Of Fat which'moiftens them, and hinders them from being dried by over much motion. The Mufcles of the whole Body aremdft ftraitly conjoyned one with another: Yet fometimes they gape, and are at fome diflance, whenWind, wheyifh Humor, or fome other mat¬ ter gets between them; as in the ba- - ’ffard rleufifie, and concerning a Soldier whipt by the Tur ks. Veffingus told me that his mufcles were fo wi¬ dened and Separated,1 that if he bent his body but a lit¬ tle,'eveTy'muicle would bear it felf out from itsNatural fituatidhj hunching pift as it were, and fwelling. • 'O J * I We divide the Mufcles into twoparts. The Parts.of a 1 a flejhy part, and a tendinous part.’ Mu&i only I Again, we make the tendinous part two. ! j to bfe either united, or di/gregated, and The tendinous] fevered.; ' rd.oimd Part how ma- 1 'XJriited, Where thewhole tendinous tyfcid.J~ I parbappears, white and hard, either in - -u< j thebegmningfend,' or middle 5 or in allthef? parts. Cdntrariwife' it is difgregated or -fevered, where it is divided into if&ny final 1 fibres, fcarce difcernable to the fight,being compared about with flefh ; which ten- 'jair^pus fibers maf hdtwithftanding be difeerned a- Tndhgtbe flefby ones, in boyledHogs-flej[h,andin the idefli of a Turkey-cock, &c. So in fome Mufcles, el- ■pecially thole of the Thighs of a Turkey-cock,the ten¬ dinous parts appear whole and united from theiegin- ning to th e end. So in a man, fomtimes the Tendon defeends prefently after its Original, mixed with Tbe Connexion of the Mufcles of the whole Bo- dy. What the Tendon of a Mufcle is ? Its beginning. flefh. Somtimes the tendinous part appears, united in the end, and fevered in the beginning, as in the muf¬ cle Deltoides ; fomtimes it is tendinous in the middle, and fomtimes not at all. With Aquapendent we define a Tendon to be a Body continued from the beginning to the end of a Mufcle, and that it is a body of a peculiar Nature,cold and dry,made of Seed, as the principle of its Ge¬ neration : ,But the beginning of its difpenfation is a bone, for it fprings from a bone, and is inferted or im¬ planted into a bone. Yet, fome Mufcles arife from Griftles,and fome from Tendons, I and are implanted into them. And I Why calledTendo ? it is rightly termed Tehdd, from I ftretching,becaufe it is bent and ftretchedlike the firing of a bow. A Mufcle is otherwife divided into the Head, middle, and End. The Beginning and Head of a Mufcle, 5 The Beginning when it is tendinous, is by Galen and ' and Head of a other Anatomifls, called Ligamentum, I Mufcle. which they fay is void ofSenfe, and j that it islefsthen a Tendon, or the end of a Mufcle. Now-the beginning in a great f part of Mufcles, is tendinous, lei- Both the beginning domflefhy. 'And to fpeak the ve- ry truth, the beginning may as well be termed a Tendon, as the end ; feeing for the moft part, fiich as is the Beginning, fuch is the End, in Subftance in Thinnejfs, Lightfomnefs, Whitenefs, Sec. Now every Mufcle is laid to move towards its beginning, and every Mufcle hath a Nerve, which is inferted either into the Head, or about the middle(and in fome through the Surface of the mufcle, in others and end of a Mufcle may be called a Ten-* don. Two things objervable touching the beginning of a Mufcle. Galens fytle. Di/hkedby Wa- laeus i and why ? through the Subftance ) fo that where the Nerve is im¬ planted, there is the Head of the ‘ Mufcle : Which Galen laies down as a lure Rule, and faith 5 that if the Nerve be implanted into the'Tayl, there is the Head of the mufcle. But Johannes Wales w an excellent learn¬ ed Phyfitian, likes not this Rule,and conceives that it is all one, whether the Nerve be in¬ ferted into the beginning, the middle, or the end. 1. Becaufe that Rule renders the motions of many muf¬ cles obfeure. 2. Becaufe it holds not true in the Pe¬ ctoral mufcle, nor fomtimes in other mufcles of the Cheft and Belly. 3. Becaufe that Rule is not found¬ ed upon any reafon, for whether the Nerve be inferted into the beginning of the mufcle, or into any other- part thereof, the Spirits flowing in by the Nerve, may equally move the mufcle : As we fee in Wind-Xnftra- rrients, the Air is let in fomtimes above, fomtimes be¬ neath, one way as conveniently as another. 4.. And whereas that Rule is oftentimes found true, it happens by accident,becaufe moftmufcles are moved upward,Sc becaufe the Nerves defeend from above, and therefore could not be more fafely implanted any where, then in the upper part of the mufcles. And that which Bjolanus objects againft WaUus, touching the Contortion or Wreathing of the recurrent Nerve,is 1 fwered. nothing. For the Nerves run back, I to avoid confufion, otherwife, if Nature chiefly inten¬ ded the Inlet cion into the Heads of Mufcles, Ihe might have The ObjeBion of Riolanus an-*](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30323538_0024.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
