Bartholinus anatomy; made from the precepts of his father, and from the observations of all modern anatomists, together with his own ... In four books and four manuals answering to the said books / ... Published by Nich. Culpeper and Abdiah Cole.
- Thomas Bartholin
- Date:
- 1668
Licence: Public Domain Mark
Credit: Bartholinus anatomy; made from the precepts of his father, and from the observations of all modern anatomists, together with his own ... In four books and four manuals answering to the said books / ... Published by Nich. Culpeper and Abdiah Cole. Source: Wellcome Collection.
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![Of the S ter non or Brsaf-bone* is frnooth, becaule of the Membrane iThe Situation of the Ribs in the Sides,and the Greeks call them pleurai, bccaufe they form the Sides. In Shape they refemble a bow, or the letter Segment of a Circle, that the Cheft might be the larger. Johan. FMa¬ nus found a forked Rib; and my felf at Hafnia (hewed the third Rib of the left fide, as thick as two Ribsjoyned to the Breaft-bone with two fhanks. At their rife they are narrower and rounder , but the nearer they come to the Breaft, the broader they grow. In their upper part they are thicker. And the upper Ribs are more crooked, and a lfo fhorter; the middlemore are longer and broader ; the lower ate cut again lhort- er. The external Surface is rough, where they are faftned to the Vertebra , becaufe the Ligaments which tie them do thence proceed : And there they are furnifhed with two little knobs : i. Is articulated to the hollow of the Verte¬ bra. z. Is joyned to the tranfverfc Pfccei's of the Vertebra. But the five lower are Joyned by a (imple knob. The inner fide is in Pleura. In the loweft part there are Ca-jitics according to the length of the Ribs, for the Vein , Artery , and Nerve ; which appears the more, by how much they are nearer the V ertebra’s. Where let Chirurgeons obferve in the o« pening of the Cheft , which is made be¬ tween the hft and fixt Rib, the Se&ion muft be made from the top towards the bottome, but not contranwaiesi 1 leaft thefe VefiUs fhoald,. be hurt. The Ribs have Connexions j one with the Vertebrae of the Back, another with the Griftles of the Breaft-bone. The Subftancc of the Ribs, is partly bo¬ ny, and partly griftly. i That the Cheft may more cafily be contracted and diftended. z That a Fradure may note»fily happen. 'Tis bony in the part near the Back,and the lateral part. Its griftly near the Breaft-bone to which they are joyn¬ ed. rN —For all the Ribs in the forepart, have Griftlcs like Epi- phyfes , which in women ( not in men unlefx very old ) through trad of time , do grow hard as bones, that they »iay moreftrongly fuftainthe Bulk of the Dugs reft-ng up¬ on them. The Griftlcs of the upper Ribs are harder , becaufe they are coupled with the bones of the Sternon or Breft-bone ; thole of the lower are fofter 3 M An Admonition for Chirurgeons. The 6 files of the Ribs. The two uppermdre arc ealled anliftrophohretorU, ttinu ed backwards. The two following are termed ftcreaiyfolida i the folid Ribs. The remaining three are cal’d fternitides, the Pcdoral Ribs. The five loweft arc called baftard Ribs , be- The baftard caufe they are leffer , fofter, fhorter, nor do Ribs. they reach to the Breaft-bone (that dilata¬ tion may be there better made, atthe beginning of the Iow=* er Belly) nor have they a perfed Articulation therewith, but being knit only to the Vertebrae, as if fome part of them were cut off, they end into longer Griftles than the true ones: Which being turned back upwards , do (lick one to the other, as if they wereglewed together, thclaft excep¬ ted, which is the leaft, and flicks to none , and therefore tis truly fptirious, that a larger fpace may be for theLiv» er, Spleen,ar>d upper Guts being diftended. Howbeic, the eleventh fometimes and the twelfth, are tied to the Sep:una tranverfum : Sometimes, the lift grows to the oblique def- cendent Mufcle of the Belly, without the Midriff; fome~ times it hath the Circumfcription of its proper Mufcle ^ which pulls it from, The uf of the Ribs is : i. [ Efpecially of the true ones] tj defend the Breaft and Bowels therein contained, as che,Heart,e^c. z• To fuftainthe Mufcles thatfervefor Refpiration, and fome others of the Belly. * [$• Of the baftard ones]], to ferve the Natural parts celt tained in the Belly. CHAP. XVIII. Of the Simon or Breaii-bont. IT He Bone of the Bread, which in the fore-part of tha -* Cheft refts upon the Ribs, and is fpread thereupon ( whence they fuppofe tis call’d Sternum ) is by Bypowa-* tes termed Stcthos : which Word nevetthelefs fjmetiroes fignifiesA The whole forepart of the Cheft. Its Pain. The Breaft-bone as in this place. The Orifice of the Stomach. The oword-fafhion’d Griftle. Others call this bone Os Gladialc or Enfiformc the Stvord^ , i bone or Sword-fifh'm’d bone, becaufe of the fhape of a Sword becaufe they are joyned to 1 or rather fuch a Dagger as was ufed by the AnCientsli foj it is convexi long and broad. i■ > .' Its Substance is partly bony, but fungous and red, partly Griftles. Moreover in its hinder part each hath a Griftle, which is articulated with a Vertebra. The Ribs arc many in Number, that the Griftly, Why the Ribs art Chefl may be more cafily moved. Pan- j It confifb of divers bones, not of one , as is commonly tnay is nurn- fant as in his Relations of Athens , tell us, ' feen in old Men, the diverfity of ics bones appears , when • c^ac Protophanes Magneftus , had his Ribs | you remove its Membrances. In Infants it is wholly grift— faftned one to another, from his fheulders ly, excepting its firft bone. Moreover, the upper bones to his baftard Ribs. Nicholas Font am s faw three united and are fooner made than the lower, and the middle parts , unfeparable.For the raoft part they are on each fide twelve, than the outmoft; fo that in ccndufion, eight bones are both in men and women. Seldome thirteen „ more rarely found in the Breaft of a Child , which after feven years eleven. But often there is only one fuper- grow together , and become fewer, fo that in grown per- flueus. Tis therefore likely that in one fide j fons there are fometimes three, fometimes four, fometimes of Adam there were thirteen ribs , one of more bones. But the firft and laft remain ifi *rown per-* wh'ch Jehovah took out with the mufeu- fons as in Children ; but the middle ones growing to- lous flefh growing thereto and turned into Eve; or he had 1 gether s the number of bones comes to virv in that twelve ribs on one fide, and eleven on the other. The Ribs are divided into true, genuine and legitimate ; and baftard, adulterate and illegitimate ribs. I The true are the feven upper ones, fa Uorv many true called , becaufe they do mere perfect the iRibs there are. Circle, and touch the Breft-bone, wherc- How many Ribs Adam had. with they have a perfed Articulation and with the Vertebra by a double knob as was Laid be- gulm the Throat Jplt j It hath each fide an hollownefs in the upper part place. Thefe Bones are diftinguifhed by rranfvctfe lines, ani arc knit together by smehondrofts ; for the Griftles are in- terpofed like Ligaments. The firft anduppermoft bone, is large and thick, fflain and uneven, of an Halfmoon fafhion above, reprefenring the' joyning of a Dagger blade into the haft, fome term it To¬ others call it FurcuUm the little * ’ to](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b30323538_0241.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
