Bartholinus anatomy; made from the precepts of his father, and from the observations of all modern anatomists, together with his own ... In four books and four manuals answering to the said books / ... Published by Nich. Culpeper and Abdiah Cole.

Thomas Bartholin

Date:: 1668

Credit: Bartholinus anatomy; made from the precepts of his father, and from the observations of all modern anatomists, together with his own ... In four books and four manuals answering to the said books / ... Published by Nich. Culpeper and Abdiah Cole. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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$'fbcoccafioi of this writing .. Thefe Caufe* have ( I confefs ) hindred me from fa- tisfying your frequent Requeft} and befidcs, becaufe I am not willing to determine of thole things, which long experience of years cannot either prove, or fufficiently limit. Howbeit you continue your Requeft , and I am much alhamed} alwaiesto deny you. Alfo a certain learn¬ ed Man hath impofed a neceflity upon me , in a man¬ ner, to difeover to others my opinion concerning the Mo- 1 tion of the Blood. For certain Thefes hav¬ ing been difputed concerning the Motion of the Blood, t»y felf being Prcfident of the . ^fputc > though the Defendant truly profefleth in his faid Thefes, that they are his own , yet he hath undertaken to tax and blame them , as it they were mine. And although that young man need not be a- (Lamed of thofe Thefes, yet I would not have another mans Thefes , though dilputed when I was Prcfidcnt, to be accounted mine. Neither can he be ignorant of the Reafon, who is acquainted with my Liberty in Difpucing, cr the Cuftomcot our Univcrficy. Now therefore take my Opinion of the Motion of the Blood, as follows. That fomc hot blood which leaps out 359 nhit Bhod it is which is moved ? of the great Arteries being opened is thinner, more rare and of a more bright colour, than that which flows out of the Veins when they arc opened: yet, 1 will not therefore lay>thac the Arterial Blood differs formally from the Venal, blood . for the Arterial Blood may differ as aforefaid from tne Vena!, becaufe it comes reaking hot as it were from chc hre, and abounds with greater ftore of Spirits , as we fee boyhng Milk differs from it felf being cooled , for the fame rcafon : for that Blood which is in the fmillcr Arteries, and fo farther from the Heart, is obterved to differ lefs from the venal Bipod. And when we have taken Blood out of the greater Arteries , yea, out of the Heart it felf of a living Creature , and from the tame Creacurc , have taken lome out of the Veins , and have let them both grow cold and congeal, wc could never obferveany dif¬ ference betwixt them. . So that we can fee no other , but that the Arterial Blood is of the fame kindc with the Venal. Some few will have , that the venal Blood is of two kinds , one which is contained in the Venn cava, another in the Vena porta. But wc cannot fee any difference of thele Bloods either when they are included in their veflels or when they arc let out: and that Reafon doth teach as much we (hall fee anon. Befidcs thefe , we miy likewife conceive another fort of Blood, which being made of Chyle in the Liver , hath not received any further perfedion in the Heart. And we are little concerned to know the Nature thereof, be- Icaufe wc fee it continues fuch but a ve¬ ry little while. So that we are to en¬ quire into the Motion of oily one fort of Blood. ‘ Now the Blood may be moved either in that part of the Vein or Artery wherein tt is contained, or out of tbit part into another. In one part of a Vein or Artery , the Blood is npt difeerned to move up and down, like boyling water, neither when it isreceivsd into a Veffel, nor when let out of a living and hot Body ; nor yet in the Artery it felf, if i: being on either hand tied, (hall be opened in the upper part betwixt the two Ligatures. Yea, when we have many times cut off the point of a living Heart, and fet it upright,wc have found the Blood to be hot, but never to boyl. But that the Blood is moved from one part of an Artery or Vein into another, is a thing very manifeft. For Blood is contained in the Veins of the furtheft It is not moved up and down in the Vcjfels lih_e boiled water. But it is moved eat of one part into another. That meat which is firft eaten hath the firft place in the Stomach. fhe Stomach cUfc- ty embraces the fame. not bred there, it muff needs come from fome other place. And it is evident enough, that in living Creature-, the Blood flows out of the Vena cava into the Heart and ouc of the Heart into the Aorta. But that this fame whole Motion of the 1 Blood may be by us the better under- Micfr motion pir- t0°d, I conceive our beft way will be to Ifeaiytouederftan1, begin at the very Fomtah, and Origi- 1 the motion of the nal thereof . \Chylus muff b: i have often feen fohd Meat m Dogs I foiwhtinto hold the fame order in the Stomach , \ 1 juft as it was eaten by the Bcafts^ unlefs the Stomach be¬ ing diftended with too much Drink , did make the Meat to fbat, and fo to change its order andfitmtion. The Meat which the Stomach re¬ ceives, although it be but two ounces , it evidently imbraces the fame round about j juft as we fee folded purfes contraft themfelves about a Bullet or round Ball within them , alfo the upper and lower Orifice are both (hut: which by making an hole near the fame, and putting in your little finger , it is eafie to try. But the lower Orifice notwirh- ftandmg, when we flnde it perfectly (hut, feems rather to be fallen together, than ftraidy clofed , that upon the -nsalleft preflure it may let theChylus pafs by. Alfo ma¬ ny times when the Stomach and its Orifices are weak, they fail in their natural elofenefs, and upon fcarching arc found loofer. The meat retained in the Stomach, as thoroughly moiftened with the Liquor of our food , Drink and Spittle : and it quickly becomes porous and Spun- gie : becaufe as is rnoft likely the faid Liquor hath drawn ouc and luckt into tt felf fome of the fubftance of the Meat. A while after it is cut and torn as it were into very fmall particles, both that of thin and that of grof, Subftance, yea , in Dogs the very (hells themfelves of Eggs: which doth queftionlefs proceed from fome acid flnrp humour that hath in it a diffolving power. SowC finde by experience that the Stomach burthened with the quancicy or groffnefs of meat, doth find it felf eafcd , by tatting a little Vinegar, Juice of Citrons, Oyl cf Sulphur , or Vitriol. Nor let any man aflign the Caufe thereof to Spittle or Choler belching back into che Stomach, when he (hall fee Bread fteeped fome hours in hoc Spittle or the Call of an Ox , by them not diffoived, moreover in an hundred Dogs or more which Ihave cutup on purpofe a*‘ve , I found Choler flowed back into the Stomachs of onely cwo of them , one of which had eaten nothing for three daies, and in his Stomach, which was wonder¬ ful to behold , there was a Cholerick froathfo thick and full of bubbles, as that we fee on the Suds of fuch as wa(h in Lye. Now I conceive this acid humor comes from the Spleen into the Stomach, be¬ caufe there is no other pare in the body which we can perceive to be (harp or acid : and becaufe upon [Wallowing a bit of boyled Sp!een efpe- cially of a 'ow, heavinefs of the 5tomach proceeding from the Quantity or groffnefs of Meats, is thereby holper* Thus the Meat being mixed in its] Afteiwtrdit fmalleft particles with the Liquor , in \is changed j*lO trad of time by concodion it comes to ^ Cream, the confidence of thin Barley-cream:!' which when it hath attained, then at lift it is thruft into the Guts. It ir mil fin'd. With th: moif- ure of the Su* math. It is cut and minced by an a- cid humour. Clinch comes from tbe fpleer,. parrs of the Body, which Lec.ng sr is Howbeit all Meat doth not receive this change in the Stomach in the fame (pace 'em fre rr3fj<n:$