Bartholinus anatomy; made from the precepts of his father, and from the observations of all modern anatomists, together with his own ... In four books and four manuals answering to the said books / ... Published by Nich. Culpeper and Abdiah Cole.

Thomas Bartholin

Date:: 1668

Credit: Bartholinus anatomy; made from the precepts of his father, and from the observations of all modern anatomists, together with his own ... In four books and four manuals answering to the said books / ... Published by Nich. Culpeper and Abdiah Cole. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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$is proved by the common Aftion, of which beneath. The Ule [ according to BJoLmts, who faith that the Os pubis or Share-bone being moveable, doth move this boney ftru&ure forwards, the CheJi refting, or be¬ ing lightly moved, in the Conjugal Embracemenr,and in the going of fuch as want Leggs and Thighs. But we daily obferve the Belly to be moved, in iingle per- fons that are chad, nor doth Nature frame Parts to fup- ply unexpended defends of mufcles,but for Natural and Ordinary Aidions. Spigelius fufpetds, that from the fame moveable beginning, that fame bone is drawn obliquely upward, and enclined toward the Cheft, by the help of the mufcles. Thefecondpare is the OELiquELY Ascendent [ or internal ] having Fibres contrarily fituated : It is nut¬ ated next the former, and hath a triangular Figure. Its Original is flcfhy, from the Rib of Os Hi] : but membranous, both from the tranfverfe Proceffes of the, Vertebras of the Loins, from which it receives Nerves,and front theiharp points of Os facrum. It grows a little by a fle fhy End, to each of the baftard Ribs, and to fome of the true Ribs, but the reft its End turns by Jictle and little into a Tendon, which Tbe Original of the obliquely af- ccndent Muf¬ cles. 'Their double End. is The Original of the right Muf¬ cles. double: The one part goes upon the right mufcles, the other beneath, fo that the right doth reft as it were in a iheath, but near the white Line it is reunited, and inferted thereinto. Which BJolanus hath obferved to happen only above the Navil, and net beneath. The third pare of the rightMufcles,by reafon of the right fibres. This pare is commonly reckoned to be but one. Galen doth rightly make thebe- ginning to be fleihy, arifing from the Breaft-bone, on each fide of the . Sword-faftiion’d Griftle, and from 1 the Griftles of the four baftard Ribs. It ends in a Tendon at the Os Pubis. Others contrari- wife, will have the beginning to be here in the Slwe- bpne, and the End above. Butlanfwer. i. That the right Mufcles receive their Nerves in the upper part, viz. one branch of thofcNerves, which were inlerted into the oblique defeending Mufcle, and o- thers alfo from the laft of the Back, and from the firft pare of the Loins. 2. A Mufcle ufes not to have a tendinous beginning, and a flelhy End. Other late Anatomifts will have the right Mufcles to have two beginnings and two ends; one beginning and one end in the Breaft, and another in the Share-bones. Who are for this Conceit of theirs, beholden to that new o- pinion touchit*g rhe mqveablenefs of the Share-bone, of which I lhall fpeak hereafter. The Mujculus reElus or ftraight muf¬ cle, hath for the molt part three. In- feriptions in Perfons of a middle fta- ture, andfomtimesfourin tall people, 1 whofe Belly is long. But according to Carpus and Cafferius, we fay that fuitable to the mul¬ titude of Infcriptions, there are more mufcles, becaufe I. To every Joynting there comes a Nerve. 2. Ifit were but one, being contracted into it felf, it could not equally comprefs all parts. 3. There Ihould be no fuch mufcle in the whole body, wherein neverthelefs there are many long ones, without fuch a number of Infcriptions. In the internal Surface of the right mufcles, there are two Ve ins cou)oy net Ay with as many Arteries. The upper called Mammaria, arife from the Vena cavay lying beneath the Claves, the more rcmarkeable branch. whereof reaches unto the Duggs, and runs out under the right Mufcle, as far as to the Region of the Navil, where it is terminated. This is met by the other tetmed Epigaf rica, which in Women iprings from the Womb, in men the Vena cava goes upwards towards the upper Vein, which be¬ fore it touches, it is for the molt part obliterated. Yet thefe two Veins are fomtimes joyned together by ma- nifeft Anaftomofis, touching one another, at their ends. Hence the Gonlent is iuppofed to anfe between the Duggs and the Womb, the Belly and theNoftrils. For when the Nofe bleeds, we fix Cupping-glaffes to the belly, and the Duggs ofWomen being handled, it incites them to Venery. The Mujculi rcch receive Arteries from the Epigaftrica Artery,and Nerves which The Arteries proceed from the laft V ertebra’s of the and Nerves Cheft. The proper ufe of thefe Mufcles according to Ifola- nits, is to move the Share-bone forward in Generati¬ on, which hath been already confuted. Spigelius will have them to draw the Breaft to the Ojfapulns or fnarc- bones, and the Share-bones to the Btcaft, in a ftraight motion, and fo to bend the Cheft; whence it is, chat in Dogs and Apes, they reach as far as to the }ugulum, becaufe their Cheft did require very much bowing. But thefe contrary motions, unlefs they be holpen, with thofe incifions of the right mufcles, do involve a difficulty. Helmont fufpects that they are ftretched in going up hill, and that from thence fhortnefs of breath proceeds. Find faith, that by a general ufe, they make the Belly round, and comprefs it centrally, or towards the middle point thereof. The Pyramidal Mufcles. That there are divers right Mufcles. The Veins. Thcfourth pare called the Pyramidal Mufcles, do reft upon the lowerTen- dons of the Mufculi refti. Nor are they parts of the right Mufcles, as Vefalius and Colum¬ bus think; but diftineft mufcles, as Fallopius proves with reafons, which are partly convincing, partly vain. But that they are pecul iar mufcles is hence apparent. 1 Becaufe they are cloathed with a peculiar membrane, 2. Their Fibres are different from thole of die Mufculi refli. They rife with a flefhy beginning, \ Their Original. not very broad, from the external [ Share-bone, where alfo the Nerves do enter ; and the farther they go upwards, the narrower they grow, till they terminate with a fnarp point, into the Tendon of the tranfverfe Mufcle. And from this place I'have ob¬ ferved more then once,a fmall and round Tendon pro¬ duced, as far as to the Navil. Bjolanus hath obferved the left Pyramidal Mufcle to be leffer then the right, and when there is but one, it is • oftner left then right. The Ufe of the Pyramidal Mufcles, is 1 Their \J/e. toaftiftthe right mufcles, incompref- 1 fing the Parts beneath. Hereupon according as the Tendons of the tight mufcles ate'more or leis ftrong. fo, fometimes the Pyramidal mufcles are wanting (though rarely ) fomtimes they are ftrong, otherwhi- les weak, and fomtimes there is but one. Bauhine faith.- Ifthey are abfent, then either the flefh joyned to the Heads of the right ones [ which I have often obferved] or the Fat performs their Office. And others will have them to be as it were certain Coverings of the right, mufcles. Fallopius will have the Pyramidal mufcles, to com¬ prefs and fquecz the JBladder, when we make Water, that the Urin may be forced out. Contrariwife Aqua- pendent will have it, that they raifeand lift themfelves up, and together with them the Abdomen and Perito- H nseuin$