Volume 1

Cooley's Cyclopædia of practical receipts and collateral information in the arts, manufactures, professions, and trades, including medicine, pharmacy, and domestic economy : designed as a comprehensive supplement to the pharmacopœia and general book of reference for the manufacturer, tradesman, amateur, and heads of families.

  • Cooley, Arnold J. (Arnold James)
Date:
1892
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Cooley's Cyclopædia of practical receipts and collateral information in the arts, manufactures, professions, and trades, including medicine, pharmacy, and domestic economy : designed as a comprehensive supplement to the pharmacopœia and general book of reference for the manufacturer, tradesman, amateur, and heads of families. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    A CYCLOPAEDIA OF PRACTICAL RECEIPTS, PROCESSES, AND COLLATERAL INFORMATION A—ABBREVIATION A-, ab-, abs-. [L.] In composition, from ; de- noting distance, departure, separation, or opposi- tion ; as in aberration, abstraction, abnormal, &c. A-, an-. [Gr.] In composition, no, not, with- out ; denoting the absence or loss of some quality or thing; as in achromatic, anhydrous, amor- phous, &c. AB'ACA or ABAKA (ka£). The native name of the plant (Musa textilis) which produces Manila or Philippine Islands' hemp. Manila hemp is remarkable for its strength and durability, and is invaluable for the manufacture of the best kinds of hawsers and towing cables for ships' use. There are several varieties of the plant, some of which produce a fibre sufficiently fine to admit of its being woven into delicate fabrics such as muslin. Its chief use, however, is for the produc- tion of mats, cordage, sail-cloth, netting, ham- mocks, and the like, in which a combination of great strength with lightness and durability are desirable qualities. Of late years Manila (or Manilla) has come extensively into use for the manufacture of envelopes for documents and bankers' pass-books, the divisions of letter-files, and all purposes for which a very tough and al- most untearable paper is desirable. It is to a large extent superseding the so-called linen-lined papers. The method of preparation of the fibre is very similar to that used for flax, q. v., the fibre, and fabrics made from it, may be bleached and dyed in a similar manner to flax and linen. ABATTOIR (Fr. abattre = to kill). A slaugh- ter-house or place where animals are killed, as distinguished from boucherie, the place in which the meat is offered for sale. Modern sanitary legislation is tending in the direction of public as against private slaughter-houses. Paris was the first town of any size to realise the necessity of keeping abattoirs separate from dwelling-houses, and a decree was promulgated in 1567 for their construction and regulation. In 1810 a commis- sion authorised the construction of abattoirs out- side Paris, and five were built. Under an Act of Parliament, passed in 1850, public slaughter- houses were erected in Edinburgh. The Islington abattoir and market in London was opened by Prince Albert in 1855. See Slaughter-hofse.* j ABBREVIATION. One or more of the earlier letters of a word used to express the whole. 1. Abbreviations in general use :— A.B., Bachelor of Arts.—Able Bodied Sea- man. A.C., Ante Christum, before Christ. A.D., In the year of our Lord. A. I.C., Associate of the Institute of Chemistry. A.I.C.E., Associate of the Institute of Civil Engineers. A.M., Master of Arts.—Before noon. A.R.A., Associate of the Royal Academy. A. U.C., In the year of the founding of the City (of Rome). B. A., Bachelor of Arts. Bart., Baronet. B.C., Before Christ. B.C.L., Bachelor of Common Law. B.D., Bachelor of Divinity. B. Sc, Bachelor of Science. C. B., Companion of the Bath. C.E., Civil Engineer. C.M.G., Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George. C. S., Civil Service. D. C.L., Doctor of Civil Laws. D.D., Doctor of Divinity. D.G., By the Grace of God. Dr., Doctor.—Debtor. D.O.M., Deo Optimo Maximo.—To God the Best and Greatest. D.Sc, Doctor of Science. D.V., God willing. Ed., Editor, or Edition, e. g., for example. F.C.P., Fellow of the College of Preceptors. F.C.S., Fellow of the Chemical Society. F.G.S., Fellow of the Geological Society. F.K.Q.C.P.I., Fellow of the King's and Queen's College of Physicians of Ireland. F.I.C., Fellow of the Institute of Chemistry. F.L.S., Fellow of the Linnean Society. F.M., Field Marshal. F.R.A.S., Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society. F.R.C.P., Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.