Volume 1

Cooley's Cyclopædia of practical receipts and collateral information in the arts, manufactures, professions, and trades, including medicine, pharmacy, and domestic economy : designed as a comprehensive supplement to the pharmacopœia and general book of reference for the manufacturer, tradesman, amateur, and heads of families.

  • Cooley, Arnold J. (Arnold James)
Date:
1892
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Cooley's Cyclopædia of practical receipts and collateral information in the arts, manufactures, professions, and trades, including medicine, pharmacy, and domestic economy : designed as a comprehensive supplement to the pharmacopœia and general book of reference for the manufacturer, tradesman, amateur, and heads of families. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    27/916 (page 11)
    ACCLIMATE—. in cases of accident, and still more a knowledge of what not to do, may be the means of saving a very large amount of suffering and even life. It is beyond the scope of this work to enter into the details of treatment, but under the separate heads, will be found a brief epitome of the in- structions usually given to ' Ambulance Classes ' for the immediate treatment of the more common injuries and accidents. See Burns, Bites, Bleeding, Choking, Collapse, Dislocations, Drowning, Drunkenness, Ear, Eye, Epi- lepsy, Fainting, Fracture, Fire, Hanging, Insensibility, Mines, Narcotics, Nose, Para- lysis, Poisoning, Rescue, Sprains, Stings, Sunstroke, Temperature, Tourniquet. ACCLI'MATE, or ACCLI'MATISE. In botany and zoology, to inure a plant or animal to a climate to which it is not indigenous. When so inured it is said to be acclimated. In medi- cine, to habituate the body to a foreign climate, so that it may not be peculiarly liable to its endemic diseases; or to become so habituated. Thus, a person who has resided several years at New Orleans without an attack of yellow fever, or having had an attack has satisfactorily re- covered, is said to be acclimatised. ACCOMPANIMENTS. In cookery and house- keeping, see Trimmings. ACCOUNT-BOOKS, SIZES OF. See Paper. ACCUMULATION. [Eng., Fr.] Syn. Accu- mula'tio, L. In medicine, a term applied when the effects of the first dose of any sub- stance still continue when the second is adminis- tered (accumulation of action); or when several doses of insoluble substances remain inactive in the system until their energy is developed by chemical influence (accumulation of doses). See Medicines, Poisons, &c. ACCUMULATOR. See Electric Light. A. C. E. A mixture used as an ana3sthetic and approved by a committee of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society. Where deep and pro- longed anaesthesia is required it is considered to be safer and quite as effective as chloroform. Especially useful in cases of midwifery. The formula is as follows:—Absolute alcohol one vol- ume, chloroform two volumes, pure ether three volumes. ACEPHALA. The Mollusca are sometimes divided into Encephala and Acephala, according as they have, or have not, a distinctly differen- tiated head. The Acephala comprise the bivalve shellfish, or Lamellibranchiata, as they are com- monly called. ACERBITY. Syn. Acerb'itas, L.; Acerbity, Fr.; Herbigkeit, Ger. In chemistry, &c, sourness, with bitterness and astringency, or harshness. See Cider, Fruit, Wine, &c. ACES'CENT. Syns. Aces'cens, L.; Aces- cent, Aigrelet, Fr.; Saurlich, Ger. In chemistry, &c, growing sour; slightly tart or acid; having a tendency to sourness, or to run into the acetic fermentation, as wine, beer, malt- wort, &c. Hence, aces'cence or aces'cency (acescen'tia, L.; acescense, aigreur, Fr.; stiur- lichheit, Ger.), the tendency to become slightly acid, or the quality of being so. See Acetiptca- tion, Malt-liquors, Wine, Wort, &c. ACETANILIDE. See Antifebrin. •ACETIC ACID 11 ACETATE. Syn. Ac'etas, L.; Acetate, Fr.; Essigsaure Salze, Ger. A salt of acetic acid. The word, as commonly used, refers to metallic salts, such as potassium acetate, KC2H302, and lead acetate, Pb(C2H302)2; but it also applies, of course, to salts of organic bases, e.g. morphine acetate, C17H19N03.C2H402, and to acetic ethers, e.g. ethylic acetate, C2Ha6.C2H30. Preparation. See under Acetic Acid and the respective metals. Speaking generally, they may all be prepared by direct solution of the oxide, hydroxide or carbonate of the metal in dilute acetic acid, or, in some cases, from another acetate by double decomposition. Properties, Sfc. All the normal acetates are more or less soluble in water, some of them being very deliquescent, and many are also soluble in alcohol. They are all decomposed upon heating, most of them yielding carbon dioxide, acetone and an empyreumatic oil, and those with weak bases giving off a portion of their acid as such; at a lull red heat the acetates of potassium, sodium, barium, strontium, calcium, and magnesium are converted into carbonates; whilst the other me- tallic acetates leave behind the oxide or metal. The aqueous solutions of the alkaline acetates soon turn mouldy, and suffer decomposition. No more of them should therefore be dissolved at once than is required for immediate use. Tests for (also applicable in the case of acetic acid). The acetates are recognised : (a) By their giving off the vapour of acetic acid, recognisable by its peculiar and pungent odour, on the addition of moderately strong sul- phuric acid. (b) By their evolving the pleasant-smelling acetic ether when gently warmed with a mixture of about equal parts of concentrated sulphuric acid and spirits of wine. (<?) When metallic acetates are subjected to dry distillation, acetone, (CH3)2CO, is given off, and can be recognised at once by its characteristic odour. (d) When ferric chloride, Fe2Cl6, is added to a neutral acetate, the liquid acquires a deep red colour owing to the formation of ferric acetate. On boiling (if the acetate is in excess), the whole of the ferric salt present is precipitated as basic ferric acetate. The cold red liquid is not deco- lourised on the addition of mercuric chloride, HgCl2, and is not taken up by ether on agitation with the latter (difference from thiocyanates), but it is readily destroyed on the addition of cold dilute sulphuric or hydrochloric acid (difference from meconates). In applying this test to acetate of lead (from which ferric chloride would precipitate lead chloride, PbCl2), or to insoluble basic acetates generally, the latter should first be converted into acetate of soda by digesting them with sodic carbonate and filtering. Should the filtrate now be alkaline from excess of carbonate of soda, it must be neutralised by hydrochloric acid before adding the ferric chloride. ACETIC ACID. H(C2H30,). Syn. Acidum ACETICUM, L. ; AdDE ACETIQUE, Fr. ; ACIDO acetico, It.; Essigsaure, Ger. M. Pt. 16-5° C. (61-7° F.); B. Pt. 118'3° C. (233° F.); Sp. gr. at 0° C, T070L Occurrence, Acetic acid occurs in the juices of