Volume 1

Cooley's Cyclopædia of practical receipts and collateral information in the arts, manufactures, professions, and trades, including medicine, pharmacy, and domestic economy : designed as a comprehensive supplement to the pharmacopœia and general book of reference for the manufacturer, tradesman, amateur, and heads of families.

  • Cooley, Arnold J. (Arnold James)
Date:
1892
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Cooley's Cyclopædia of practical receipts and collateral information in the arts, manufactures, professions, and trades, including medicine, pharmacy, and domestic economy : designed as a comprehensive supplement to the pharmacopœia and general book of reference for the manufacturer, tradesman, amateur, and heads of families. Source: Wellcome Collection.

    848/916 (page 832)
    HEN-COOPS—HERRING branches of the biennial herb Eyoscyamus niger or common biennial or black henbane. The first is used for preparing the extract; the last, for the powder and tincture. Its active principle is a narcotic alkaloid called Hyoscyamine. Henbane is anodyne, hypnotic, antispasmodic, and sedative. It differs from opium in not being stimulant, and by not confining the bowels; and hence may be administered in cases in which that drug would be improper. In large doses it acts as a powerful narcotic poison, producing obscurity of vision, dilatation of the pupils, delirium, phan- tasms, coma, &c.—Dose, 3 to 10 gr., in powder. It is usually given in the form of extract or tinc- ture. The antidotes, &c, are the same as those noticed under Opium. HEN-COOPS, lumigator for. On analysis this was found to consist wholly of coal-tar. HE'PAR. Syn. Liver. A name given by the older chemists to various combinations of sulphur, from their brownish or liver colour; as Jiepar antimonii, hepar sulphuris, &c. See Antimony (Liver of), Potassium (Sulphide), &c. HEPIALUS HUMUXiI, Stephens. The Otter Moth. So called on account of the peculiar shape and size of its larvae. It is also called the Ghost Moth, because the wings of the male are white, and in its nocturnal flights, according to West- wood, it has a singular ' pendulum -like * move- ment, which gives it a somewhat ghostly appear- ance. The body of the male is rather dusky, while the body of the female is lighter, and she has wings of a yellowish colour, with orange mark- ings. It is known in Germany. Taschenberg and Kaltenbach both speak of it as destructive in German hop-plantations. Near Aix its attacks were so severe that whole hop-plantations were rendered unproductive. Harris describes it as the ' hop-bine caterpillar in the roots of the hop' in his report upon American insects. The larva? or caterpillars of this moth injure the roots of the hop by feeding upon them, biting the outside skins and piercing through the interior of the roots with their strong jaws, but the extent of their mischief is not realised as they work so low down in the earth, and their action in killing or weakening the plant is frequently attributed to other causes. As it is most abundant in this country, planters sustain more loss from this insect than they are aware of. Life History. The perfect insect appears about the middle of June. The female soon begins to lay eggs. Though these are very plentiful, they are only deposited singly. After fourteen days the larva or caterpillar comes forth and crawls to the root of the hop-plant, or other plants, as the dock and burdock, where it remains feeding with great appetite until April. At this time it assumes the pupa stage, and emerges from the ground as the perfected imago. Prevention. It is obviously most difficult to prevent the attacks of this insect, as the eggs are deposited at night, and are so minute that they cannot be discovered. As in the case of wire- worms, application of caustic substances might prevent the attack if it were suspected. All docks, nettles, and burdocks should be removed from the immediate neighbourhood of the planta- tions. Moles are fond of this larva, and should be encouraged in hop-plantations. Remedies. The only remedy of certain efficacy is to examine the roots of hop-plants that are showing unaccountable symptoms of flagging just below the crown of the plant centre. Thelarya is a huge caterpillar, from 1 in. to 1| in. in length, of a dull yellow colour, easily discernible, and therefore might be picked out (' Reports on Insects Injurious to Crops/ by Chas. Whitehead, Esq., F.Z.S.). HEPTANES. C7H16. There are 9 possible compounds of this formula in the paraffin series, of which 4 are known. Normal heptane is found in petroleum and ligroine. HEBBAB1TJI2. [Eng., L.] Syn. Hoetus Siccus, L. A collection of dried specimens of plants; hence called hostus siccus, or dry garden. Plants for the herbarium should be gathered on a dry day, and carried home in a tin box (' vasculum '), or other convenient receptacle which will preserve them fresh for a time. Those which have collected moisture in their leaves should be allowed to dry, their stalks being placed in water to keep them alive. Plants with very thick, succulent leaves or stems must be killed by immersion in hot water before they can be safely placed in the drying press. The press consists simply of a few stout boards with a screw—or, still better, a number of heavy weights,bricks, or stones—for pressing them together. The speci- mens of plants, when all superficial moisture has been removed, are placed between layers of bibu- lous paper (botanical papee), care being taken that the parts of each are arranged in a natural manner. The sheets containing the specimens are then placed between the boards, and pressure is applied. This must be very gentle at first, and should be gradually increased as the plants become dry. The paper is changed every day or every second day, and the damp sheets are dried for use at a future time. When properly dried, the specimens are placed on sheets of writing-paper, and fixed by a few stitches of thread, a little gum, or strips of gummed paper. The name of the genus and species, and the locality where found, &c, are then marked beside each. Camphor or a little corrosive sublimate may be used to preserve herbaria from the ravages of insects. HERBS. Syn. rHEEB^;, L. The collection and drying of herbs for medicinal purposes and perfumery are noticed under Vegetable Sub- stances. Amongst cooks, several aromatic herbs, either fresh or dried, are used for seasoning. In many receipts is mentioned a bunch of sweet herbs, which consists, for some stews and soups, of a small bunch of parsley, 2 sprigs of thyme, and 1 bay leaf; if no parsley, then of 4 sprigs of winter savory, 6 of thyme, and 1 bay leaf (Soyer). HEB'HING. A well-known small sea-fish, belonging to the family of Clupeidce, a branch of the Nat. Ord. Malacopteeygii. As an article of food, herrings are of vast importance to a large proportion of the population of Europe. When recently caught and dressed by broiling or boiling, they are wholesome and agreeable; but if fried, or long kept, they become strong and oily, and are then apt to offend the stomach. The prepara-