The topographical anatomy of the head and neck of the horse / [O. Charnock Bradley].
- Orlando Charnock Bradley
- Date:
- 1923
Licence: In copyright
Credit: The topographical anatomy of the head and neck of the horse / [O. Charnock Bradley]. Source: Wellcome Collection.
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![artery of the spinal cord. Rami musculares may be grouped into a dorsal and a ventral set. The dorsal rami supply those muscles that lie along the dorsal aspect of the vertebral column, and anasto¬ mose with branches of the deep cervical artery. The ventral rami supply the scalenus, longus colli, longus capitis, and intertransverse muscles. The vertebral vein follows the ventral border of the artery. Accompanying the vertebral vessels through the transverse fora¬ mina is a nerve formed by the union of filaments (rami communicantes) from the second to the sixth spinal nerves. It joins the first thoracic sympathetic ganglion. Dissection.—Subsequent dissection will be facilitated if the head and neck be now detached from the rest of the body by disarticulation between the fifth and sixth cervical vertebrae. Before any farther dissection is carried out, the external ear, as it is in the living animal, should be examined. The external ear (Auris externa).—The freely movable auricula or ^%nna} by which sound waves are collected, has a broad base, connected with the external acoustic meatus of the temporal bone, resting upon a bed of adipose tissue, the presence of which is an important factor in mobility. Its free extremity or apex is pointed, flattened, and gently curved so as to point forwards when the opening of the ear is directed lateralwards. The dorsum of the ear is markedly convex where it joins the head, but becomes flattened as the apex is approached^ The concave surface is the counterpart of the dorsum, but carries several ridges that interrupt the smoothness of the wall of the cavity. The anterior boundary of the opening of the ear is mainly convex, though it has a shallow concavity near the apex. The lower part of this border splits into two crura helicis. The posterior border of the pinna is convex. Dissection.—The skin is now to be removed from the whole of tlie ear and the parotid region, in order that the auricular muscles, vessels, and nerves may be examined. But before the dissector proceeds to a detailed examination of the muscles, it is well that he make himself acquainted with the form and disposition of the cartilages to which they are attached and upon wliich they act. Ike cartilages of the ear.—The cartilages of the external ear are three in number — conchal, scutular, and annular. The conchal^ cartilage, or cartilago auriculae, is the largest, and forms the basis and determines the shape of the projecting, conspicuous part of the ear of the living animal. It may be said to be funnel-like or ^ Auricula [L.], the external ear. Pinna [L.], a wing. ^ Concha [L.], a shell.](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b29820066_0042.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
