The topographical anatomy of the head and neck of the horse / [O. Charnock Bradley].
- Orlando Charnock Bradley
- Date:
- 1923
Licence: In copyright
Credit: The topographical anatomy of the head and neck of the horse / [O. Charnock Bradley]. Source: Wellcome Collection.
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![cartilage behind the base of its tapering styloid process, and ter¬ minates in the skin lining the cavity. The auriculo - palpebral nerve (described later) supplies the anterior part of the ear. The great auricular nerve from the second cervical is distributed over the posterior part of the ear, and the occipital branch of the first cervical nerve terminates at the medial part of the base of the ear. Roth of the two last-named nerves are connected with branches of the posterior auricular. W hen the first part of the vagus nerve comes to be examined, it will be found that it also furnishes an auricular branch. The dissector should now turn his attention to the face, and should begin with an examination of the external parts of the eye. The eyelids (Palpebra^?).—The e3^elids, using the term in the more usual sense, are two in number, upper (palpebra superior) and lower (palpebra inferior); but to these must be added a much less obvious third eyelid (palpebra tertia). The upper and lower lids may be described as membranous curtains arranged for the pro¬ tection of the eyeball. The upper lid is the larger and the more movable, has the more concave free edge, and is provided with a special muscle, the m. levator palpebrce superioris, by which it is raised. The limits of the upper lid cannot be accurately determined by inspection merely ; but an indistinct infrapalpebral groove demar¬ cates the lower lid from the face in general. Each lid has an outer surface (facies anterior palpebra?) covered with hair-bearing skin, and an inner surface (facies posterior palpebrce) applied to the eye¬ ball and rendered smooth by the conjunctiva, a membrane that is continued from the lid over the front of the eyeball. Short, fine hairs cover both lids, and in addition tactile hairs, scanty on the upper lid but numerous over the lower part of the lower lid, are present. The free borders of the eyelids bound the fissure (rima^ palpebrarum), which is in the form of a narrow slit, some 5 cm. in length when the lids are closed, but assumes an elliptical outline when the eye is open. The border of each lid is flattened in such a fashion as to make it possible to distinguish two margins, an inner and an outer. The outer margin carries the eyelashes, which are few, short, and weak on the lower lid, but much more numerous, longer and stronger on the lateral two-thirds of the upper lid. It should be noted that the upper eyelashes are arranged in ^ llima (for rigina; root rig means to sidit, to cleave) [L.], a crack, fissure, cleft, chink.](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b29820066_0047.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
