The topographical anatomy of the head and neck of the horse / [O. Charnock Bradley].
- Orlando Charnock Bradley
- Date:
- 1923
Licence: In copyright
Credit: The topographical anatomy of the head and neck of the horse / [O. Charnock Bradley]. Source: Wellcome Collection.
48/248 page 32
![more than one row, and that they are implanted in the skin at different angles in the several rows. On the inner margin of the border of the lid are the small openings of the ducts of the tarsal glands. The two eyelids are joined at the extremities of the palpebral fissure (the lateral and medial angles) by the lateral and medial commissures^ (commissune palpebrarum lateralis et medialis). Both commissures are acute ; but the lateral becomes rounded when the eye is widely opened, and in the neighbourhood of the medial com¬ missure the lids circumscribe a space, the lacus ^ lacrimalis, in which is a rounded body, the lachrymal caruncle ^ (caruncula lacrimalis), covered with pigmented skin on Avhich are a few small hairs. On the borders of the lids near the medial commissure are the small 'puncta ^ lacrimalia, upper and lower, leading into the lachrymal ducts (ductus lacrimales) by which the tears are drained from the eye. Each eyelid contains a framework of fibrous tissue, the tarsus,^ much better developed in the upper than in the lower lid. A sphincter muscle (m. orbicularis oculi) is associated with the lids, and can be exposed by the removal of the skin over them. In addition, the upper lid and the region of the eyebrow contain muscular fibres that corrugate the eyebrow (m. corrugator super- cilii), and a very thin and variable muscle (m. malaris) passes into the lower lid from the fascia in front of the orbit. The third eyelid consists of a pigmented semilunar fold of con¬ junctiva, the membrana nictitans,^ easily demonstrated near the medial commissure, and a piece of cartilage (cartilage palpebrae tertise) that will be examined with the other contents of the orbit. Dissection.—Remove the skin from the whole of the face except about the nostrils and over the lips. This must be done with care and especially so over the eyelids, where removal is rendered difficult by close adhesion to the underlying orbicular muscle. M. CUTANEUS (faciei).—The cutaneous muscle of the face is difficult to demonstrate satisfactorily except over the border of the mandible and in the region of the angle of the mouth. The most definite part of it constitutes the risorius'^ muscle (m. risorius) that ^ Commissura [L.], a joining together. In anatomy, a commissure joins like parts. ^ Lacus [L.], a lake. Lacrima [L.], a tear. 3 Caruncula (dim. of caro, flesh) [L.], a small fleshy mass. ^ Punctum [L.], a point, a minute round spot. ^ Tarsus [L.], rapaos (tarsos) [Gr.], a frame of wicker-work ; a mat of reeds, such as was built into brick-work to bind it together. ^ Nictitare [L.], to wink. ^ Risor [L.], a laugher.](https://iiif.wellcomecollection.org/image/b29820066_0048.jp2/full/800%2C/0/default.jpg)
