Human osteology : comprising a description of the bones with delineations of the attachments of the muscles, the general and microscopic structure of bone and its development / by Luther Holden ; assisted by James Shuter.

Date:
1882
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Human osteology : comprising a description of the bones with delineations of the attachments of the muscles, the general and microscopic structure of bone and its development / by Luther Holden ; assisted by James Shuter. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh. The original may be consulted at the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh.

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    the bone have united with the shaft. Hence they readily recipro- cate their morbid actions, and inflammation arising in the one part may spread to the other. Now, although these three orders of blood-vessels do communicate in the bone, yet we cannot be surprised to find that when a bone is broken below the canal for the nutrient artery of the marrow, the lower fragment, being de- prived of part of its supply of blood, in some cases becomes atro- phied and thinner.9 Periosteum : its use.—A fibrous membrane, termed the periosteum, invests the bones everywhere except at the insertion of strong tendons, and where covered with cartilage. This peri- osteum consists of two layers, an external one, tough and fibrous, and an internal one (osteogenetic), soft and cellular, in which the blood-vessels break up into minute branches before penetrating the pores on the surface of the bones. The adjoining figure shows the arrangement of the blood-vessels of the periosteum. The periosteum likewise provides each of the vessels entering the bone with a Aqv» ^/h^^^ ^rous covermg- It assists in the forma- tion of bone, and afterwards in its nutri- blood-vessels of periosteum. tion- If> therefore, the periosteum be torn from the surface of a bone, there is a risk that a layer of the subjacent bone will lose its vitality and be cast off. Medullary Membrane.—The medullary canal and the cells (marrow spaces) of the cancellous tissue are lined by an extremely delicate membrane, termed the ' endosteum.' It is much more delicate than the periosteum; nevertheless, it supports the marrow, and provides a stratum for the subdivisions of the medullary artery, before they penetrate the contiguous bone. Nerves in Bone.—Periosteum and bone unquestionably possess nerves. This is proved by absolute demonstration, and by disease. Nerves may be traced into some of the minute foramina on the shaft of a long bone, and into the articular ends. fiiiM