A classical dictionary of Greek and Roman biography, mythology and geography / based on the larger dictionaries by Sir William Smith ; revised throughout and in part rewritten by G.E. Marindin.

Date:: 1899

Credit: A classical dictionary of Greek and Roman biography, mythology and geography / based on the larger dictionaries by Sir William Smith ; revised throughout and in part rewritten by G.E. Marindin. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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$if lie would join the Trojans, he went without an 'into tlie temple of Apollo at Thpibm, and was a sassinated there by Paris His body ^vas rescued by Ulysses and Ajax the Telamonian; his Zmonv was promised by Thetis to the braves among the Greeks, which gave rise to a contest between the two heroes who had rescued his hody [4jvx.] After his death, AchiUes became oneof the judges in the lower world, and dwelled in the islands of the blessed, where he was united with Medea or Iphigenia. The fabulous island Death of AchlUes. (Raoul Rochitto, Mon. Ined., pi. 53.) of Leuce in the Euxine was especially sacred to him. [AcHlLLEUS Dromos.] Achilles was wor- shipped m several places as- one of the national heroes of Greece; as at Pharsalus, Tanagra, and Sparta : in Epirus even as a god. The re- markable worship on the coasts of the Euxine may have been spread by the Milesian settle- ment at Byzantium, perhaps combined with the worship of some local heroes. Various ex- planations of his name are given. Most of the ancients connect it with axos, because Achilles gave pam to the Trojans. Some writers re- gard him as originally a river god, arguing that dx-, like the root in Achelous, may signify water, as in aqua. Others make him a sun- god, as they have attempted to make the whole Iliad a representation of the sun taking posses- sion of the east. There is certainly more con- nexion in the story of Achilles with water di- vinities than with the sun: it is even possible that some part of his story may be boiTowed from local rituals of river or sea deities ; but there is no valid reason why the reader of Greek poets should not see in the main story of Achilles the glorification in ballads of a tra- ditional hero of war, in no degree suggested originally by any iihenomena of nature; still less are we obliged to base his story on any of the Ku^iposed etjmologies of his name. Achilles Tatius, of Alexandria, lived in the middle of the fifth century of our era, and is the author of a Greek romance in eight books, containing the adventures of two lovers, Clitophon and Leucippe, published by Fr. Jacobs, Lips. 1821. He must be distinguished from Achilles Statius, or Tatius, who probably lived in tlie second century of our era, and wrote a work on the sphere (Trepl acpalpas), a frag- ment of which, professing to bo an introduction to the Phacnomr.na of Aratus, is printed iu Petavius, Uranuloyia, Paris, 1G30. ACMONIDES 9 AcMUeum (Ax^AAeiov), a town near the promontory Sigdum in the Troad, where Achilles was supposed to have been buried (Hdt. V. 94 ; Strab. p. 594; Ai'r. An. i. 12). AcMUeus, assumed the title of emperor under Diocletian, reigned over Egypt, and was put to death by Diocletian a.d. 296 (Eutrop. i:;. 14, 15 ; Aur. Vict. Cues. 39). Achilleus Dromos ('Axi'AA.6ios Spo/xos : 1 en- dera or Tendra),atougneoi land in the Euxine Sea near the mouth of the Borysthenes, whero ' Achilles is said to have made a race-course. Be- fore it lay the Island of Achilles (Insula Achil- lis) or Leuce {Xevidi), where was a temple of Achilles (Hdt. iv. 55, 76; Bur. Iph. in T. 438; Pind. 01. ii. 85; Strab. p. 306). AcMUeus Portus ('Axi'AAeios \iixr,u: Va- thij), a harbour in Laco- nia, near the promontory Taenarum (Pans. iii. 25, 4). Achillides, a patro- nymic of Pyrrhus, son of Achilles (Ov. Her. viii. 3), also of Pyrrhus, king of Epirus, who traced his descent from Achilles (Ov. lb. 303). Achillis Insula, [Ach- illeus Deomos.] Achivi (gen. pi. Achivom, Verg. Aeii. xi. 22G), another form of the Achaei, and used, like Achaei, to signify the -whole Greek nation (Hor. Ep. i. 2, 14; Ox. Pont. \. 4, 33, Her. i. 21). Acholla. [Achilla.] Acholoe. [H.VBPYIAE.] Achradina or Acradina. [Syeacusau.] Acichorius ('Akix'^'P'os), one of the leaders of the Gauls, who with Brennus invaded Thrace and Macedonia in B.C. 280, and Greece in 279 (Paus. x. 19, 4; x. 22, 5 ; x. 23, 1). Acidalia, a surname of Venus (Verg. Aen. i. 720), from the well Acidalius near Orchomenos. Acidinus, L. Manlius. 1. AKoman general in the second Punic war, served against Has- drubal in 207, and was sent into Spain in 206, where he remained till 199 (Liv. xxix. 1-3, xxxii. 7).—2, Surnamed Fulvianus, praetor B.C. 188 in Nearer Spain, and consul in 179 with his own brother Q. Fulvius Flaccus, which is the oiilj' instance of two brothers being consuls at the same time (Liv. xxxviii. 35, xl. 84 ; Veil. Pat. ii. 8 ; Cic^ de Or. ii. 64). Acllia Gens, plebeian. See under the family names Aviola, Rvlbus, Glabrio. Acis (Akis), son of Paunus and Symaethis, beloved by the nymph Galatea, and crushed by Polyphemus the Cyclops through jealousy under a huge rock. His blood gushing forth from under the rock was changed by the nymph into the river Acis, at the foot of Mount Aetna (now jF-i».7H.e tZe Jaci). This story is perhaps only a fiction sug- gested by the manner in which the stream springs forth from under a rock (Ov. M. xiii. 750 seq., F. iv. 468 ; Sil. It. xiv. 221 seq.). Theocri- tus (Id.j. 09) speaks of the sacred waters of Acis. Acmonia ('hKixovla: 'A/cmoWttis, Acmoneii- sin), a city of the Greater Phrygia (Cic. Flaco. 15, 84 ;_Plin. V. § 106). Acmonides, one of the three Cyclopes in Ovid (F. iv. 288), is tho some as Pyracmon in Virgil$