The development of Darwin's theory : natural history, natural theology, and natural selection, 1838-1859 / Dov Ospovat.

  • Ospovat, Dov.
Date:
1995, ©1981
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Licence: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Credit: The development of Darwin's theory : natural history, natural theology, and natural selection, 1838-1859 / Dov Ospovat. Source: Wellcome Collection.

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    Notes to pp. g-16 for the French biologists she considers. Carpenter's concern to claim the same status for physiology as physics enjoyed will be apparent in the discussion below. n A similar point is made in Peter Bowler, Fossils and Progress, pp. 36-9. 12 Some of these biological theories are discussed in Chapter 5, and Darwin's recasting of them in Chapters 6 and 7. 13 Owen, On the Nature of Limbs, pp. 9-10, 40. 14 Bell, The Hand, pp. 42, 153-61, 280. 15 Peter Mark Roget, Animal and Vegetable Physiology considered with reference to Natural Theology, 1:48-50; 2:626-8. 16 Martin Barry, On the Unity of Structure in the Animal Kingdom, p. 116. 17 Ibid., pp. 362-4. 18 Richard Owen MSS, Hunterian Lectures for 1837, Royal College of Surgeons. 19 William Whewell, Astronomy arid General Physics Considered with Reference to Natural Theology, p. 353. 20 Whewell, History of the Inductive Sciences, 3:464, 470. 21 See J. D. McFarland, Kant's Concept of Teleology, pp. 113-16, 123-6; see also H. W. Cassirer, A Commentary on Kant's Critique of Judgment, pp. 354, 357-60; Immanuel Kant, Kritik der Urtheilskraft, 5:397-401. 22 Whewell, History of the Inductive Sciences, 3:470 (Kant, Kritik der Urtheilskraft, p. 376 [section 66]). 23 McFarland, Kant's Concept of Teleology, pp. 97, 137. See also Cassirer, Commentary on Kant's Critique of Judgment, p. 356. 24 By 1853 the further progress of biology had helped persuade Whewell that the teleological approach was inadequate. See Chapter 5, pp. 142-3. 25 [Carpenter], Physiology an Inductive Science, pp. 321, 328-29. 26 Ibid., p. 338 (quoting Whewell, Astronomy and General Physics, p. 353). 27 William B. Carpenter, Principles of General and Comparative Physiology, p. 461. A parallel passage occurs in Physiology an Inductive Science, p. 340. 28 It is hardly necessary to point out that most of them held Lamarck's explanation of adaptation to be both inadequate and improbable. 29 See Dov Ospovat, Lyell's Theory of Climate. On the concerns that induced Lyell to construct an antievolutionary system, see Michael Bartholomew, Lyell and Evolution. 30 Leonard G. Wilson, ed., Sir Charles Lyell's Scientific Journals on the Species Question, p. 6. See also Charles Lyell, Geological Evidences of the Antiquity of Man, p. 422. 31 Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology, 1:146-7. Unless otherwise specified, all references to Lyell's Principles are to the first edition. 32 A. P. De Candolle, Essai Elémentaire de Géographie Botanique, p. 44. Lyell, Principles, 2:70-72. 33 De Candolle, Essai, p. 44; Lyell, Principles, 2:72. 34 De Candolle, Essai, pp. 33-4. Near the conclusion to his essay, De Candolle restated this same idea: Species are distributed over the globe in part according to laws which one may immediately deduce from the 239