A treatise on chemistry. Vol. III, The chemistry of the hydrocarbons and their derivatives, or, Organic chemistry. Part I / by H.E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer.

  • Henry Enfield Roscoe
Date:
1881
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A treatise on chemistry. Vol. III, The chemistry of the hydrocarbons and their derivatives, or, Organic chemistry. Part I / by H.E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by University of Bristol Library. The original may be consulted at University of Bristol Library.

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    termed mercaptans (mercurium captans), and their metallic compounds mcrcaptides.' The Stdjjhides or Thio-Ethers are always formed in the pre- paration of the mercaptans from the chlorides, the following reactions taking j)lace: (1) GgH^SH + KSH^C^H-SK-fSHa. (2) CASK + C,H,C1 = (C,H,),S + KCl. S^dphinc Compounds.^ The sulphides unite with the iodides and hromides of the alcohol radicals to form crystallisable salts such a^ triethylsulphine iodide, S(C2H-)3T. These substances are not attacked by alkalis, but when freshly precipitated silver oxide is added to their aqueous solutions, the corre- sponding hydroxides are formed, such as triethylsulphine hydroxide, 8(03115)3011. These latter are difficultly crystallis- able, they are deliquescent, aiid possess alkaline and caustic properties like caustic soda. They also resemble the alkaline hydroxides, inasmuch as they precipitate metallic salts, expel ammonia from its compounds, and form, with acids, neutral salts, amongst which the chlorides unite with platinum chloride to form soluble double salts, such as [S(C2H5)3C1]2-I-PtCl^. 104 Sulphonic Acids. These acids are easily formed by oxi- dation of the mercaptans and other sulpho-compounds of the alcohol-radicals: Mercaptan, Etliylsulplionic acid. CaHs.SH + 30 = C2H5.SO2.OH. They possess the same composition as the corresponding acid sulphites of the alcohol radicals, Avhich, however, are not known in the free state, as they decompose with extreme ease, whilst the sulphonic acids are very stable and powerful acids. They may be heated pretty strongly Avithout decomposition, ai*e not altered by boiling caustic alkalis, and only oxidised by nitric acid with difficulty, forming the acid sulphates. The sulphonates are also formed when an iodide is brought in contact with a solution of a normal sulphite : ^ C2H,I + S03 {|=S02.|g-f^-fTa. ' Zeise assumed the existence in these bodies of the iiidical C.^HsS, to which he f^ave the iiiuno of meroaptiiin {mcrcurio aptum). See Bcrzelius, Jahrcsbcr. xiv. 334. ^ V. Oefcle, An-n. Chcm. Pharm. cxxvii. 370 ; cx.xxii. 82. ' Strcrlccr, Aw. Chrm. Pliaiin. cxlviii. 00; Hemilian, ib. clxviii. IS.t.