A treatise on chemistry. Vol. III, The chemistry of the hydrocarbons and their derivatives, or, Organic chemistry. Part I / by H.E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer.

  • Henry Enfield Roscoe
Date:
1881
Catalogue details

Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: A treatise on chemistry. Vol. III, The chemistry of the hydrocarbons and their derivatives, or, Organic chemistry. Part I / by H.E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by University of Bristol Library. The original may be consulted at University of Bristol Library.

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    camphor, resins, &;c. The alkalis and various salts are also soluble in this menstruum, whilst bodies -which do not dissolve in common alcohol, such as potassium carbonate, potassium sulphate, &c., arc likewise insoluble in methyl alcohol. Potas- sium and sodium dissolve in methyl alcohol with evolution of heat and liberation of hydrogen. Crystals separate out from such solutions which consist of compounds of the corresponding methylate with methylic alcohol. The potassium salt possesses the composition CH3OK + CH3OH.' These bodies are instantly decomposed by Avater, with formation of caustic potash and methyl alcohol. Anhydrous baryta dissolves in pure methyl alcohol with evolution of heat, and on evaporating the solution in a vacuum, crystals of BaO + 2013^0 are deposited (Dumas and Peligot). When thallium ethylate CgHgOTl, a liquid obtained by the action of ethyl alcohol on thallium is poured into excess of methyl alcohol, thallium methylate, CH3OTI, separates out in the form of a white granular precipitate, which when ignited burns with a beautiful green flame. This compound is soluble in ether and alcohol, and is decomposed by water with formation of thallium hydroxide (Lam}^). Anhydrous calcium chloride . dissolves in methyl alcohol with evolution of heat. Six-sided tables of the compound CaClg -h 4CH4O separate out on cooling the concentrated solution. These are very deliquescent and quickly decomposed by water, but may be heated in dry air to ] 00° without losing methyl alcohol (Dumas and Peligot). Hence this compound was formerly used for the purification of wood- spirit.'^ The raw product was saturated with calcium chloride, and this then distilled on a water-bath until the excess of wood- spirit, acetone, and other easily volatile constituents had passed over. The residue was then lieated with water and distilled, when the purified wood-spirit first came over, and this Avas afterwards dried as above described. Similar compounds Avith lithium and magnesium chlorides, containing respectively three and six molecules of methyl alcohol to one molecule of metalHc chloride, have been prepared by Simon.^ Purified Avood-spirit Avas formerly employed instead of spirit of wine as a source of heat, and as a solvent for various gums and resins. At the present day it is very largely used in the manufacture of aniline colours, and it is important for this ' Wiedmann and Schwcizcr, Journ. Pr. Chcm. xxiii. (J. - Kiiric, Phil. Mag. [3], x. 46, 116. Bci: DciUsch. Chcm. Ocs. xii. 1281.