A treatise on chemistry. Vol. III, The chemistry of the hydrocarbons and their derivatives, or, Organic chemistry. Part I / by H.E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer.

Henry Enfield Roscoe

Date:: 1881

Credit: A treatise on chemistry. Vol. III, The chemistry of the hydrocarbons and their derivatives, or, Organic chemistry. Part I / by H.E. Roscoe & C. Schorlemmer. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by University of Bristol Library. The original may be consulted at University of Bristol Library.

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$Series. CnHo„ + <> Methane C H,, Ethane Propane Butane Pentane Hexane &c. C.H, '4^-^10 CnHan. Ethylene G^H^ Propylene CgHg Butylene C^Hg Pentylene CgH^g Hexylene CgH^^ &c. Ethine Propine Butine Pontine Hexine &c. C3H4 C5H8 ^G^io Besides these, other groups, such as CnH2n-4 and CnHsn-e &c., are known. The first members of these naturally contain more than two atoms of carbon. 36 Other carbon compounds can be derived from these various series. Thus, for instance, just as by the action of chlorine on marsh gas methyl chloride is obtained, so the other members of the marsh gas series yield chlorides of monad radicals having the general formula CHgn+iCl in which chlorine can be easily replaced by hydroxyl, and thus a series of hydroxides are ob- tained to which the names of alcohols have been given, and to which the general formula CnH2n+20 is applicable. When methyl chloride is heated with ammonia, a strong base is obtained, which has received the name of methylamine : CH,C1 + NH3 = CH3NH2 + HCl. And by a sirtilar reaction with the other chlorides a series of .such bases or amines is obtained having the general formula CnH2n+3N. Moreover, as methyl alcohol gives rise to formic acid by oxidation, so these other alcohols yield a series of acids having the general formula CnH2,i02, obtained by the replace, ment of two atoms of hydrogen in the alcohol by one of oxygen. Many of these acids are found in fats and oils, and hence they are termed the fatty acid series, or the adipic series of acids. Thus we obtain the following series from the marsh gas hydro- carbons : Amine. Fatty Acid. Methylamine C Hj^T Formic acid Ethylamine C^HyN Propylamine Qj^l^ff) Butylamine C^Hj.O Tentylamino CJIliN f!i,lT|.,0 Hexylamino C„Hib'N' Chloride Methyl chloride Ethyl chloride \ Propyl chloride ]5utyl chloride Pcntyl chloride Ifexyl chloride C H3CI C,H,C1 C3H7CI c,n„ci Alcohol. Methyl alcohol Ethyl alcohol Propyl alcohol Butyl alcohol Pentyl alcohol ) Hcxyl ) alcohol ( CH4O C.,H„0 C II.,0 Acetio acid CJi^O.^ Propionic acid CaHoOa Butyric acid CjIIgOa Peiitylic acid C^^^O^ Ilexylic acid CaH],jO,j$