Lexicon medicum, or, Medical dictionary : containing an explanation of the terms in anatomy, botany, chemistry, materia medica, midwifery, mineralogy, pharmacy, physiology, practice of physic, surgery, and the various branches of natural philosophy connected with medicine : selected, arranged, and compiled from the best authors / by Robert Hooper.

  • Robert Hooper
Date:
1832
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Licence: Public Domain Mark

Credit: Lexicon medicum, or, Medical dictionary : containing an explanation of the terms in anatomy, botany, chemistry, materia medica, midwifery, mineralogy, pharmacy, physiology, practice of physic, surgery, and the various branches of natural philosophy connected with medicine : selected, arranged, and compiled from the best authors / by Robert Hooper. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

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    A'NSER. (Anser, eris. m.; a goOBC or gander.) 1 he name of a genus of birds. Anser domk'sticus. The tame goose. The flesh of tins bird is somewhat similar to that of the duck, and requires the assistance of spirituous and stimu- lating substances, to enable the stomach to digest it. Both are very improper for weak stomachs. ANSERI'NA. (From anser, a goose; so called be- cause geese eat it.) See Potentilla anserina. ANT. See Formica rufa. Ant, acid of. See Formic acid. ANTACID, (jlntaciilus; from av]i, against, and acidus, acid.) That which destroys acidity. The ac- tion of antacid* in the human stomach, is purely che- mical, as they merely combine with the acid present, and neutralize it. They are only palliatives, the gene- ration of acidity being to be prevented by restoring the tone of the stomach and its vessels. Dyspepsia and diarrhoea are the diseases in which they are employed. The principal antacids in use are the alkalies; e. g. Liquorif potassa.-, gutt. xv. or from 5 to 15 gr. of sub- carbonate of potassa, or soda dissolved in water. The solution of soda called double soda-water, or that of potassa supersaturated with carbonic acid, is more frequently used, as being more pleasant. Ammonia baa been recommended as preferable to every other antacid, from 10 to 90 drops of the liquor ammonia; in a cupful of water. The liquor caltis, or lime water, is likewise used to correct acidity, two or three ounces being taken occasionally. Creta prajparata alone, or with the addition of a small quantity of any aromatic —ohehs cancrorum prsparatee; magnesia also and its carbonate, are used lor the same purpose. ANTAGONIST. (Antagonistic, counteracting.) A term applied to those muscles which have opposite functions. Such are the flexor and extensor of any limb, the one of which contracts it, the other stretches it out; and also the abductors and adductors. Soli- tary muscles are those without any antagonist, as the heart, &c. ANTALGIC. (Antalgicus; from av]i, against, and a\yos, pain.) That which relieves pain. ANTA'LKALINK. (Antalkalinas; from avjt, against, and alkali, an alcali.) That which possesses the power of neutralizing alkalies. All the acids are of this class. ANTAl'IIRODISI'AC. Antaphrodisiacus ; from av]i, against, and AippoSiTti, Venus. Antiveiiereal, or whatever extinguishes amorous desires. Antaphrodi'tic. The same. Antapo'dosis. (From avJairoSiSupt, to recipro- cate.) A vicissitude, or return of the paroxysm of fevers.—Hippocrates. Called by Galen eipidosis. Antarthri'tic. See Antiarthritic. Antasthma'tic. See Antiasthmatic. Antatro phic. See Antiatrophic. Antechk sis. (From av^ixouai, to resist.) A vi- olent stoppage in the bowels, which resists all efforts to remove it.—Hippocrates. Antela'bujm. (From ante, before, and labium, a lip.) The extremity of the lip. Antk'mbasis. (From avn, mutually, and tpBatvw, to enter.) A coalescence, or union of bone.—Gatot. Anteme'tic. See Antiemetic. Antenea'sMus. (From avn, against, and rcivtcuo;, implacable.) That species of madness in which the patient endeavours to destroy himself. Antephia'ltic. See Antiphialtic. Anthpile'ptu'. See Antiepileptic. ANTE RIOR. Before. A term applied to what may be situated before another of the same kind, as a muscle, a projection, eminence, lobe, artery, &c. Anterior auris. Musculus anterior auns. One of the common muscles of the ear, situated before the external ear. It arises thin and membranous, near the posterior part of the zygoma, and is inserted into a small eminence on the back of the helix, opposite LO the concha, u hich it draws a little forwards and upwards. Anterior intercostal. JTervusintercostalts an- terior. Splanchnic nerve. A branch ol the great in- tercostal that is given oil in the thorax. Anterior mallei. See Lazator tympam. ANTHELIX. See Antihcliz. Anthe'lmia. (From avri, against, and e\um, a worm • so railed, because it was thought ol great vir- tue in expelling worms.) See Spigelia anthclmta, and MarilawUca. ANT ANTHELMINTIC. (Anthelmintics ; from avrj, against, and tXuivs, a worm.) Whatever procures the evacuation of worms from the stomach and intestines. The greater number of anthelmintics act mechani- cally, dislodging the worms, by the sharpness or rough- ness of their particles, or by their cathartic operation. Some seem to have no other qualities than those of powerful bitters by which they either prove noxious to these animals, or remove that debility of the digestive organs, by which the food is not properly assimilated, or the secreted fluids poured into the intestines are not properly prepared ; circumstances from which it has been supposed the generation of worms may arise. The principal medicines belonging to this class, are, mercury, gamboge, Geoli'nea biennis, tanacetum, po- lypodimn rilix mas, spigelia inarilandica, artemisia santonica, olea Europaa, staunum pulverisatum, ferri limatune, and dolichos pruiiens; which see under their respective heads. A'NTHEMIS. (Anthemis, midis. fcem.; from av- Oeu),Jlorto ; because it bears an abundance of flowers.) 1. The name of a genus of plants in the Linnsean system. Class, Syngcnesia; Order, Polygamia su- perfluu. 2. The name in the London Pharmacopoeia for cha- momile. See Anthemis nobilis. Anthemis cotula. The systematic name of the plant called Cotulafmtida ■ Clin ma1 mi I it m fatidum,\n the pharmacopoeias. Mayweed. Stinking chamo- mile. This plant, Anthemis:—reeeptacnlis conicis palcis si'laccis, seminibus iitidis, of Linnitiis, has a very disagreeable smell; the leaves, a strong, acrid, bitterish taste; the flowers, however, are almost insi- pid. It is said to have been useful in hysterical ariec- tions, hut is very seldom employed. Anthemis nouilis. The systematic name for the t'liininriniiiiiii; Chainifuielu in nobile ; Chamomilla ro- mana; Euanthemon of Galen. Anthemis of the last London pharmacopoeia. Common chamomile. Anthe- mis—foliis pinnato-compositia lineoribua u cutis sub- villosis, of Linnaus. Hoili the leaves and flowers of .lliis indigenous plant have a strong though not un- grateful smell, and a very bitter, nauseous taste ; but the latter are tiie bitterer, and considerably more aro- matic. They possess Ionic and stomachic qualities, and are much employed to restore tone to the stomach and intestines, and as a pleasant and cheap bitter. They have been long successfully used tor the cure of inlerniittents, as well as of levers of the-irregular ner- vous kind, accompanied with ^ isceral obstructions. The flowers have been found useful in hysterical af- fections, flatulent or spasmodic colics, and dysentery; but, from their laxative quality, Dr. Cullen tells us they proved hurtful in diarrhoeas. A simple infusion is frequently taken to excite vomiting, or lor promoting the operation of emetics. Externally they are used in the decoctum pro fomento, and are an ingredient in the decoctum malvm compositum. Anthemis pyrethrim. The plant from which we obtain the pyrethruin of the pharmacopoeias; Aste- rantium ; Buplithalmum crcticum ; Belli* montana putescens arris; Dcntaria; Herba salivaris; Pes Alexandrians. Spanish Chamomile; pellitory of Spain. Anthemis :—coulilms simplicibus unijloris dccumbentibus—foliis piuiinio-inultifidis, of Linna;us. This root, though cultivated in this country, is gene- rally imported from Spain. Its taste is hot and acrid, its acrimony residing in a resinous principle. The ancient Romans, it i^ said, employed the root of this plant as a pickle. In its recent state, it is not so pun- gent as when dried, and yet, if applied to the skin, it produces inflammation. Its qualities are stimulant; but it is never used, except as a masticatory, for re- lieving toothaches, rheumatic affection of the face, and paralysis of the tongue, in which it affords relief by stimulating the excretory ducts of the salival glands. ANTI1ERA. (From avOos, a flower.) 1. A compound medicine used by the ancients; so called from its florid colour.—Gaien. ASgineta. 2 The male part of the fructification ot plants:—so called by Linnaeus, by way of eminence. The male genital organ of plants consists ol three parts, the fila- ment, anther, and pollen. The anthera is the little head or extremity which rests on the filament. Different terms are applied to the anthers from their ligure: 1. Obion; as in Lilium candidum.
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