Lexicon medicum, or, Medical dictionary : containing an explanation of the terms in anatomy, botany, chemistry, materia medica, midwifery, mineralogy, pharmacy, physiology, practice of physic, surgery, and the various branches of natural philosophy connected with medicine : selected, arranged, and compiled from the best authors / by Robert Hooper.

Robert Hooper

Date:: 1832

Credit: Lexicon medicum, or, Medical dictionary : containing an explanation of the terms in anatomy, botany, chemistry, materia medica, midwifery, mineralogy, pharmacy, physiology, practice of physic, surgery, and the various branches of natural philosophy connected with medicine : selected, arranged, and compiled from the best authors / by Robert Hooper. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

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API! charged on the physician, and for which he is not ac- countable AO RI'A. (Aorta, re. f.; from anp, air, and Typtui, <> keep: so called because the ancients supposed that only air was contained in it.) The great artery of trie body, which vises from the left ventricle of the peart, ion,is a curvature in the chest, and descends into the abdomen. See Artery. Apalatiunk (iALiis. (From aTraXo/cu, to repel; because it is supposed to repel infection.) See Ilex cassxne. APARI'NE. (From PiVV, a file; because its bark is rough, and rasps like a tile.) Goose-grass. See Ga- lium iiparinc. Aparthro'sis. (From ano and apdpov, a joint.) Articulation. APATITE. A phosphate of lime mineral, of a white wine, yellow, green and red colour, found in primitive rocks in Cornwall and Devonshire. [There are several varieties of the phosphate of lime. The first variety (apatite) yielded klaproth, lime 55.00, phosphoric acid, 45.00. Its solubility in acids, and inferior hardness, may serve to distinguish it from thechrysoberil, tourmaline, topaz, chrysolite, beryl, emerald, and some Varieties of quartz; allot' which it more or less resembles, espe cially the emerald, beryl, and chrysolite. From car- bamate of lime it differs by its greater hardness, and want of etl'ervescence in acids; and itdoes not, like the lluate ot' lime, when its powder is thrown into warm sulphuric acid, yield a gas capable Of corroding glass, unless from the accidental presence of a small quantity of that salt. The variety of phosphate of lime, called apatite, usually in crystals, sometimes presents a low six-sided prism, the primitive form. The same gangure, which contains lliecrystals, often embraces grains or small granular masses, having a crystalline structure, but nearly or quire destitute of a regular form. The apatite occurs in veins, or is dis- seminated in granite, gneiss, or other primitive rocks. It is associated with quartz, feldspar, lluate of lime, garnets, llie oxvdes of iron, tin, &c. Apatite lias been found iii Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New-York; also in the States of Connecticut and Maine.—CI. Min. A.] APE'LLA. (From a, priv. and pellis, skin.) Short- ness of the prepuce. Galen gives this name to all « hose prepuce, either through disease, section, or otherwise, will not cover the glans. APE'PSIA. (Aprpsiu, it. f. Artd/ia; from a, priv. and 7r£7TTw, to digest.) Indigestion. See Dyspepsia. Ape'rieks palpebrarum rectus. See Levator palpebru superioris. APERIENT. (Ape.rie.ns; from aperio, to open.) L That, which gently opens the bowels. 2. Applied also to muscles, the office of which is to open parts ; as the levator palpebral superioris, which is called, in some anatomical works, aperiens palpebral. Aperi'staton. See Jiperislatus. Aperi'status. (From a, neg. and Treptsijui, to sur- round.) Apcristaton. An epithet used by Galen, of an ulcer which is not dangerous, nor surrounded by inflammation. Apk'rtor ocuxi. See Levatorpalpebrw superioris. APETALUS. (From a, priv. and petalam, a petal.) Without a petal or corol. Apetal/K plant.*:. Plants without petals. The name of a division of plants in most systems of botany. Apeuthy'smenus. (From aizo and evOvs, straight.) A name formerly given to the intestinum rectum, or straight gut. A'PEX. 1. The extremity of a part; as the apex of the tongue, apex of the nose, &c. 2. The extremity of a leaf, apexfolii. 3. The anthera of a flower of Tournefort, Rivinus, and Ray. ApiiANi'sMt's. (From a<paviZ,u>, to remove from the sight.) The removal, or gradual decay, of a disorder. APHANITE. The name given by Batty to a rock apparently homogeneous, but really compound, in which aniphibole is the predominant principle. APHiE'RESIS. (From a<t>aipcoi, to remove.) This term was formerly much used in the schools of surgery, to signify that part of the art which consists in taking off any diseased or preternatural part of the body. VPHELXIA. (Aphelxia, a. I'.: from aqbrMut, uioiraho to separate or abstract.) Revery. A genus APH of diseases in Good's classification constituted by absence or abstraction of mind. See Nosology. Ai-hepse'.ma. (From ar,o, and eiiui, to boil.) A decoction. A'fhbsis. (From a<f>inui, to remit.) The remis- sion or termination of a disorder. APiitSTE'sts. (From aqjiwui, to draw from.) An abscess. Aphlogistic lamp. One which burns without flame. A piiodos. (From airo, and ocoj, departure.) Ex- crement. The dejection of the body. APHO'NIA. (Acbuvia; from a, priv. and (puvt), the voice.) A suppression of the voice, without either syncope or coma. A genus of disease in- the class Locales, and order Dyscinesicc, of Cullen. 1. When it takes place from a tumour of the fauces, or about the glottis, it is termed aphoniagutturalis. 2. When from a disease of the trachea, aphonia trachelitis. 3. And when from a paralysis, or want of nervous energy, aphonia atonica. APHORIA. (Aphoria, m. f.; from a, negative, and <pepto,fero,paris.) Barrenness. The name of a genus of diseases in Good's new classification. See A'oso' logy. A'PIIORISM. (Aphorismus; from a^opitjw, to dis- tinguish.) A maxim, or principle, comprehended in a short sentence. APHRITE. Earth foam. A carbofiate of lime usually found in calcareous veins at Gera in Misnia and Thuringia. [AIM1R1ZITE. A variety of schorl, sometimes in nine-sided prisms, terminated at one extremity by three faces, and at the other by six, of which three are larger than the others, and stand on those three lateral edges of the prism, each of which contains an angle of 120°.— CI. Min. A J APHRODI'SIA. (From Kiipohrn, Venus.) An immoderate desire of venery. APHRODISIAC. (Aphrodisiacus; from a<j>poSteia, veniery.) That which excites a desire for venery. Aphropisia'sticon. (From a<j>pos, froth.) A troch so called by Galen, because it was given in dysenteries, where the stools were frothy. • Apmrodi'sius morbus. (From AQpo&irn, Venus.) The venereal disease. APHTHA. (.Aphtha, ct. f. A<p9ai; from airrw, to inflame.) The thrush. Frog, or sore mouth. Aphtha hirtiirinirn of Sauvages. Ulcera serpentia oris, or spreading ulcers in the mouth, of Celsus. Pustula oris. Alcola. VesiculoB gingivaram. Acacos. Aphtha infantum. A disease ranked by t'ullcn in the class Pyrexia, order Exanthemata. Children are very sub- ject to it. It appears in small, white ulcers upon the tongue, gums, and around the mouth and palate, resembling small particles of curdled milk. When the disease is mild, it is confined to these parts ; but when it is violent and of long standing, it is apt to extend through the whole course of the alimentary canal, from the mouth down to the anus; and so to excite severe purgings, flatulencies, and other disagreeable symp- toms. The disease when recent and confined to the mouth, may in general be easily removed; but when of long standing, and extending down to the stomach and intestines, it very frequently proves fatal. The thrush sometimes occurs as a chronic disease, both in warm climates and in those northern countries where the cold is combined with a considerable degree of moisture, or where the soil is of a very marshy nature. It may, in some cases, be considered as an idiopathic affection; but it is more usually symp- tomatic. It shows itself, at first, by an uneasy sen- sation, or burning heat in the stomach, which comes on by slow degrees, and increases gradually in violence. After some time, small pimples, of about the size of a pin's head, show themselves on the tip and edges of the tongue; and these, at length, spread over the whole inside of the mouth, and occasion such a tenderness and rawness, that the patient cannot take any food of a solid nature; neither can he receive any vinous or spirituous liquor into his mouth, without great pun- gency and pain being excited; little febrile heat attends but there is a dry skill, pale countenance, small pulse, and cold extremities. These symptoms will probably continue for some weeks, the general health being sometimes better and sometimes worse, and then the patient will be attacked with acrid eructations, or

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