Lexicon medicum, or, Medical dictionary : containing an explanation of the terms in anatomy, botany, chemistry, materia medica, midwifery, mineralogy, pharmacy, physiology, practice of physic, surgery, and the various branches of natural philosophy connected with medicine : selected, arranged, and compiled from the best authors / by Robert Hooper.

Robert Hooper

Date:: 1832

Credit: Lexicon medicum, or, Medical dictionary : containing an explanation of the terms in anatomy, botany, chemistry, materia medica, midwifery, mineralogy, pharmacy, physiology, practice of physic, surgery, and the various branches of natural philosophy connected with medicine : selected, arranged, and compiled from the best authors / by Robert Hooper. Source: Wellcome Collection.

Provider: This material has been provided by the National Library of Medicine (U.S.), through the Medical Heritage Library. The original may be consulted at the National Library of Medicine (U.S.)

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$severe purgings, which greatly exhaust Ms strength, and produce considerable emaciation of the whole body. After a little time, these symptoms i he again enjoys belter health ; but, sooner or later, the acrid matter shows Itself once more in the mouth, with greater virulence than before, and makes frequent translations to the stomach and intestines, and so from these to the mouth again, until, at last, the patient is reduced to a perfect skeleton. Elderly people, and persons with a shattered constitution, are most liable to its attacks. The treatment of the thrush in children is generally to be begun with the exhibition of a gentle emetic: then clear the bowels, if confined, by rhubarb and magnesia, castor oil, or other mild aperients; or sometimes in gross, torpid habits by a dose of calomel. In general the prevalence of acid in the prima1 vij' appears to lead to the complaint; whence antacid remedies prove beneficial in its progress: when the patient is costive, giving the preference to magnesia ; when relaxed, to chalk, which may be sometimes joined with aromatics, the mild vegetable astringents, or even a little opium, if the diarrhua be urgent. Where the child is very weak, and the aphtha; of a dark colour, the decoction of bark or other tonics miisi be had recourse to. The separation of the sloughs and healing of the ulcers may be promoted by washing the mouth occasionally with the honey of borax, diluted with two or three parts of rose water; or where they are of a dark colour, by the decoction of bark, acidu- lated with sulphuric acid. The diet should be light and nutritious, especially where there is much debility. As the complaint »s subsiding, particular attention is required to obviate the bowels becoming confined. In the chronic aphtha; affecting grown persons, pretty much the same plan of treatment is to be pursued . besides which, the compound powder of ipecacuanha and other diaphoretics, assisted by the occasional use of the warm bath, wearing flannel next the skin, par- ticularly in a damp eold climate, &x. appear to be beneficial. APHYLLU9. (From a, priv. and <bv\\ov, a leaf.) Leafless. A term applied to parts of plants which arc so conditioned when similar parts of other plants have leaves. Thus a stem is said to be aphyllous when it is altogether void of leaves. Li imams uses the, term nudus. Examples are found in Cuscuta Europaa, dodder ; Asphodelus fistulosus, &.C. Aphyll.b plant*. Aphyllous plants, or plants without leaves. Some plants being entirely devoid of leaves, are naturally arranged under one head, to Which this name is given. ATIS. The name of a genus of insects in the Lin- nsean system. The bee. Apis mbllifica. The systematic name of the honey-bee. It was formerly dried and powdered, and thus given internally as a diuretic. It is to the industry of this little animal that we are ind; bted for honey and wax. See J\Iel and Cera. Tbe venom of the bee, according to Fontana, bears a close resemblance to that of the viper. It is contained in a small vesicle, and has a hot acrid taste like that of the scorpion. A'PIUM. {Apium, i. n.; from tjnios, Dorici, airioc, mild: or from apes, bees ; because they are fond of it.) 1. The name of a genus of plants in the Linnsan sys- tem. Class, Pentandria ; Order, Digynia. 2. The pharmacopoeia! name of the herb smallage. See Apium graveolens. Apium oraveolens. The systematic name for the apium of the pharmacopoeias. Apium—foliolis cau- linis, cuneiformibus, umbellis, sessilibus, of Linneus. Smallage The root, seeds, and fresh plant, are ape- rient and carminative. Apium hortinse. See Apium petroselinum. Apium fetroseundm. The systematic name for Oiepetroselinumof the pharmacopoeias. Petroselinum xmlgare. Apium korlense. Common parsley. Apium —foliis caulinis linearibus, involucellis minulis, of Linnama. Both the roots and seeds of this plant were formerly directed by the London College for medicinal use, and the root is still retained in the Edinburgh Pharmacopoeia: the former have a sweetish taste, accompanied with a slight warmth or flavour, some- what resembling that of carrot; the latter are in taste warmer and more aromatic than any other part of the plant, and manifest considerable bitterness. The roots are said to be aperient and diuretic, and have been employed in nephritic pains and obstructions of urine, f The seeds possess aromatic and carminative powerav but are seldom prescribed. [APLOMB of Hatty, Brochant, Brognlart. This very rare mineral has been observed only in dodecae droiis with rhombic faces, marked by slri.e, parallel to the shorter diagonals. Thiadodecaearon is supposed to be derived from a cube by one of the most simple laws of decrement: viz. that of a single range of particles parallel to all the edges of a cube. Hence its name ftom the Creek AirXoor, simple. The Aplome gives tire with steel, and feebly scratches quartz. Its specific gravity is 3.44. Its fracture in some parts is uneven and nearly dull; while i:i others it is shining and slightly conchoidal. Its colour is usually a deep brown, sometimes yellowish green. It is usually opaque, but the small crystals often tians- mit an orange-coloured light. It is fusible bv the blow-pipe into a blackish glass. It ed of silcx, 40.0, alumine 20.0, lime 14.5, ozyde of iron 14.5, manganese 2.0, ferruginous silex 2.0; = 93.00. It difi'ers from the garnet in the direction of its stria; and its inTerior specific gravity. It has been found in Siberia and Saxonv.—CI. Min. A.] Al'LON-rE. A deep orange-brown mineral, mostly considered to be a variety of the garnet. APNBU'STIA. (From a, and m>£u>, to breathe.) A defect or difficulty of respiration, such as happens in a cold, &c. Foesius. Apnuea'. The same.— Galen. Apocapni'smus. (From airo, and Kairvoc, Bmoke.) A fumigation. Apocaliia rsis. (From am, and KaOatpu, to purge.) An evacuation of humours. A discharge downwards, and sometimes applied, with little discrimination, to, vomiting. Apocaumze'sis. (From anoicav\lt(i>, to break trans- versely.) A transverse fracture.—Hippocrates. APOCENO isIS. (From airo, and kcvou>, to evacu- ate.) 1. A flow or evacuation of any humour. 2. The name of an order in the class Locales of Cullen, which embraces diseases characterized by a superabundant flux of blood, or other fluid, without pyrexia. Apo'cope. (From airo, and kotttu, to cut from.) Abscission, or the removal of a part by cutting it off. Apo'crisis. (From airo, and Kpivto, to secrete from.) A secretion of superabundant humours.— Hippocrates. Apocru'sticon. See Apooruslinum.. Apocru'stinum. (From airoicpovta, to repel.) Apo- crvsticon. An astringent or repellent medicine.— Galen. Apocye'sis. (From airo, and kvw, to bring forth.) Parturition, or the bringing forth of a child.— Galen. Apodacry'tica. (From airo, and Saicpv, a tear) Medicines which, by exciting tears, remove super- fluous humours from the eyes, as onions he.—Pliny. Apogeu'sis. See Ageustia. Apogeu'stia. See Ageustia. Apoginone'sis. (From airoyivopat, to be absent.) The remission or absence of a disease.—Hippocrates. Apoglauco'sis. (From airo, and yXaritof, sky- coloured ; so called because of its bluish appearance.) See Glaucoma. Apo'gonum. (From airo, and yivouai, to beget.) A living foetus in the womb.—Hippocrates. Apolbp'sIS. (From airo, and \ap6avw, to take from.) An interception, suppression, or retention of urine, or any other natural evacuation.—Hippo- crates. ApoLiNo'sts. (From airo, and Xtvov, flax.) The method of curing a fistula, according to iEgineta, by the application of raw flax. Apo'lysis. (From airo, and Xuw, to release.) The solution or termination of a disease. The removal of a bandage.—Erolianus. APOMA'GMA. (From airo, and narria, to cleanse from.) Any thing used to cleanse and wipe away filth from sores, as sponge, &c.—Hippocrates. Apomathe'ma. (From airo, ncg. and /jtavOavu, to) learn.) Hippocrates expresses, by tliis term, a forget fulness of all that has been learnt. Apo'mem. (From airo, from, and jitXi, honey.) An oxymel, or decoction, made with honey. APONEUROSIS. (From airo, and vevpoi, a nerve • from an erroneous supposition of the ancients, that it$

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